The concept of information culture is defined as. The concept of information culture

And information. In accordance with this, a significant number of researchers distinguish informational and cultural approaches to the interpretation of this term.

Information culture, depending on the subject acting as its carrier, is considered at three levels:

Information culture of a particular person;

Information culture of a particular community group;

Information culture of society in general.

The information culture of a particular person, as many researchers believe, is a tiered, time-developing system.

Information culture of a particular group of the community is observed in the information behavior of a person. At the moment, a base is being developed for creating a contradiction between the category of people whose information culture is being created against the background of the development of information technologies.

After the events, there were changes in social relations in every sphere of human activity. Modern information culture of society includes all past forms, combined into a single whole.

Information culture is both part of the general culture and a systematized set of knowledge, skills, and abilities, ensuring the best realization of personal information activities, which are aimed at meeting individual cognitive needs. This collection includes the following list:

1. Informational outlook.

Under the information worldview refers to the idea of such concepts as arrays and flows, the laws of their organization and action.

2. Ability to formulate their information requests.

3. The ability to make personal information retrieval of different types of documents.

4. Ability to use the information received in their own cognitive or educational activities. Information culture has three levels of completeness.

The development of personal information culture is seen in its cognitive behavior. Through such behavior, on the one hand, the activity of the individual as a learning subject, his ability to orient in the information space is reflected. On the other hand, it determines the measure of the availability and ease of use of aggregate information resources. These are opportunities provided by society to a person who aspires to be established as a professional and an individual.

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Introduction
Information culture and its components

The concept of information culture
Components of information culture
Informational behavior

Information Culture and Information Society
World Wide Web - Internet
Conclusion
Bibliography

1. Introduction

In the period of transition to the information society, it is necessary to prepare a person for the rapid perception and processing of large volumes of information, mastering modern means, methods and technology of work. In addition, new working conditions generate the dependence of one person’s awareness on information acquired by other people. Therefore, it is not enough to be able to independently master and accumulate information, and it is necessary to learn such a technology for working with information when decisions are prepared and made on the basis of collective knowledge. This suggests that a person must have a certain level of culture of handling information. To reflect this fact, the term "Information Culture" was introduced.

Information culture and its components

2.1. The concept of information culture

Information culture - the ability to purposefully work with information and use computer information technology, modern technical means and methods for its receipt, processing and transmission.

Information culture in the narrow sense is the level achieved in the development of people’s information communication, as well as a characteristic of the information sphere of life activity, in which we can note the degree of achievement, the quantity and quality of what has been created, the development trend, and the degree of future forecasting.

We can distinguish "cultural" and "information" approaches to the interpretation of the concept of information culture.

As part of the cultural approach, information culture is seen as a way of human life in the information society, as part of the process of forming the culture of mankind.

Within the framework of the information approach, most definitions imply a set of knowledge, skills and abilities to search, select, analyze information.

2.2. Components of information culture

For a free orientation in the information flow, a person must have an information culture, as one of the components of a common culture. Information culture is associated with the social nature of man. It is the product of a variety of creative abilities of a person and is manifested in the following aspects:

specific skills in the use of technical devices (from a telephone to a personal computer and computer networks);
in the ability to use in their activities computer information technology, the basic component of which are numerous software products;
in the ability to extract information from various sources: both from periodicals and from electronic communications, present it in a clear form and be able to use it effectively;
in possession of the basics of analytical processing of information;
in the ability to work with various information;
in the knowledge of the features of information flows in their field of activity.

Integral partinformation culture is the knowledge of the new information technology and the ability to apply it to automate routine operations, and in extraordinary situations that require non-traditional creativity.

Information culture can be viewed at three levels:

personal information culture;
informational culture of certain groups of a community (a certain society, nation, age or professional group, etc.);
information culture of the society as a whole.

2.3. Informational behavior

Information culture is manifested in the information behavior of people.

Under the informational behavior refers to a course of action, a set of efforts undertaken by a person to obtain information, its transmission and dissemination in society.

Information behavior, on the one hand, reflects the activity of the individual, the ability to navigate in the information space. On the other hand, in information behavior, the degree of availability and comfort of using aggregate information resources is manifested.

3. Information Culture and Information Society

In the information society, it is necessary to begin to master the information culture from childhood, first with the help of electronic toys, and then involving a personal computer.

For higher educational institutions, the social order of the information society should be considered to ensure the level of information culture of the student, which is necessary for work in a particular field of activity. In the process of inculcating information culture to a student at an institution of higher education, along with the study of theoretical information disciplines, it is necessary to devote a lot of time to computer information technologies, which are the basic components of the future field of activity. Moreover, the quality of training should be determined by the degree of fixed sustainable skills of working with the environment of basic information technologies in solving typical tasks in the field of activity.

In the information society, the center of gravity falls on social production, where the requirements for the level of training of all its participants are significantly increased. Therefore, in the program of informatization, special attention should be paid to the informatization of education as a direction related to the acquisition and development of the information culture of a person. This, in turn, puts education in the position of an “object” of information, where it is necessary to change the content of training in such a way as to ensure that the future specialist will not only have general educational and professional knowledge in the field of informatics, but also the necessary level of information culture. The widespread introduction of a personal computer into all spheres of national economy, its new possibilities in organizing a “user-friendly” user-oriented software environment, the use of telecommunications, providing new conditions for teamwork of specialists, the use of information technologies for a wide variety of activities, the ever-growing need for specialists able to carry it out, they pose a challenge to the state in revising the entire training system on modern technologies environmental principles.

The computerization of society has led to the emergence of serious abuses of information, computer crime - the distortion of computer memory data, theft through computers, the danger of monopolizing enlightenment and the media, monopolizing public opinion, and computer piracy.

Methods of fighting computer crime are improving, as are ways of fighting traditional crime.

4. World Wide Web - Internet

One of the achievements of modern civilization is the creation of the World Information Network. The Internet allows you to find a variety of illustrative material that can be used in lectures, showing images on the screen, and if there is an opportunity to print them - and with the design of the office.

However, when using the Internet at school, a number of difficulties arise.

Information in the network is uncontrolled, which often casts doubt on its authenticity, and often its seriousness. One of the simplest rules that allow at least to some extent to distinguish reliable scientific information from illiterate sensational messages is to pay attention to the name of the site, the source and author of the proposed material or article. Sites of scientific organizations and centers, universities and other educational institutions are more credible than purely informational, and the sites of famous popular science publications of the natural sciences direction are more than pages with news and messages on any topic. In the event that the site is copyright, that is, created by one person - you should pay attention to the information that the author brings about himself, remember if you know his name from other articles and publications.

Credible sites always indicate the source of the material, which you should also pay attention to. If there are direct links to network sources - they are worth checking out. So you can once again make sure that the material is trustworthy, as well as to find out additional details, omitted when quoting, but important to you. All these points should be considered when using the Internet.

5. Conclusion

Thus, information culture is a collection of system information about:

a) the main methods of presenting and acquiring knowledge;

b) the skills to apply them in practice.

These items are implemented using modern information technologies (first of all, the Internet).

In other words, information culture is a culture of handling knowledge, data and information that is focused on computers on the Internet. An integral part of the information culture is computer literacy, theoretical knowledge and skills (above all, navigation when searching for information resources on the Internet). High informational culture, as already noted, involves two basic qualities: the ability to adequately formalize the knowledge and abilities that a person has and to adequately interpret formalized descriptions.

The level of information culture significantly affects the success of a person’s life activity and expands a person’s freedom of action. Currently, the ability to find and use information affects social status no less than education, economic and social status of the family, and other social factors. Every person living in the age of information technology should have an information culture.

6. Bibliography

Main literature

Blumenau D.I. Information and information service. 2007
Dictionary of modern computer terms
Ursul A.D. Informatization of society, 2008

Regulations

RF Law dated December 27, 1991 No. 2124-1 (as amended on February 09, 2009) “On Mass Media”

Internet sites

http://bestreferat.ru / inf- culture /
http://allbest.ru / culture /
http://www.erudition.ru/ referat / ref / id

Description of work

Introduction 3

1. The concept of information culture .. 4

2. Forms of information culture .. 10

Conclusion 15

References .. 16

Introduction

Representing the most important segment of the culture of the informatization epoch, information culture, at the same time, as if penetrates all other cultural fragments, the functioning of which in our time is impossible regardless of information culture. This determines the importance of analyzing the information culture. An unequivocal definition of an information culture does not yet exist. In one case, it is defined as the informational qualities of an individual (Vogryshev M.G., Zubov Yu.S.), as “harmonization of the inner world of a person in the process of mastering the entire volume of socially significant information” (Zinovyeva NB). In the other, as an informational activity (IG Khangeldiyev), as “informational activity of an axiological character, i.e. due to the values of culture "(Grechikhin AA). Sometimes information culture is associated with a certain level of knowledge, “allowing a person to freely navigate in the information space, to participate in its formation and to promote information interaction” (Medvedeva EA), with a new type of communication (Mikhailovskiy VN). There is an understanding of information culture as a characteristic of the level of development of society (Sosnina T.N.). Such a difference in the understanding of information culture reflects both the level of its understanding in the socio-philosophical and culturological literature, as well as the complexity and diversity of this phenomenon.

1. The concept of information culture

It is known that when analyzing complex phenomena, it is legitimate to use a systematic approach, which makes it possible to make various structural “slices” of the objects under study, to single out its various aspects. In the study of information culture, in our opinion, it is possible to distinguish two main aspects that, in the first approximation, can be called sociological and technological. In the first case, we consider the information culture as a sociocultural phenomenon, in the second - as a technical-technological phenomenon.

Information culture should be understood, first of all, as part of a common culture, one of the most important aspects of cultural activity in general. It has features common to all culture: its inseparable connection to the social nature of man, is a product of human activity, the result of the active attitude of people to nature, society and each other. At the same time, information culture acts as a necessary and effective factor for a person to master cultural reality, the entire cultural potential of society, which has accumulated humanity in the course of its centuries-old historical path. Therefore, one should not limit the field of functioning of information culture only to the sphere of computerization or information technology in general. In reality, this sphere is much wider and covers the processes of scientific activity, education, management of natural and social processes, the sphere of everyday life, leisure, etc. As the informatization of society expands, this sphere expands; the process acts as an objectively necessary for the development of society.

However, understanding the information culture as part of a general culture, it should be borne in mind that this part is very specific. Under the information culture is usually understood, first of all, the field of culture associated with the functioning of informatization in society and the formation of informational qualities of the individual. On the one hand, this is a certain level of knowledge that allows a person to freely navigate in the information space and facilitate information interaction. This is a new type of thinking, which is formed as a result of the liberation of a person from the routine information and intellectual work. At the same time, this is a new type of communication, enabling free choice of an individual in the information space. On the other hand, information culture is an information activity, a qualitative characteristic of human life in the field of receiving, transmitting, storing and using information. This gives the right to distinguish two aspects of the analysis of information culture.

It is known that the structure of the system is the result of its development, i.e. the fact that in a developed system is located next to each other, in the process of developing the system, one emerged after the other. This provision of the systems approach is applicable to the study of culture. To arbitrarily pull one element out of the context of modern information culture and modern culture in general is to devalue a cultural artifact torn from one's environment, to distort its meaning. When we, in the West, are engaged in a system of physical exercises for the Yogi system, they do not understand that these exercises have their own cultural text in the Raja Yoga system (“royal Yoga”) as a technique of self-control, a technical aspect of isolating feelings from external influences, mastering breathing, concentration of thought and release from the bodily shell. The yoga system can only be understood in the context of the ancient Indian culture. This applies to any element of any culture. In the middle of the 20th century, a tribe of Aboriginal people living in prehistoric time was discovered in the desert of Australia. When they were persuaded to come to the city, they looked with amazement and dismay at the tall buildings, cars, steamboats, radio and television. But truly they were shocked by the match, which, when lit, lit one of the scientists. The match that made the fire had a greater cultural value for them than the TV, which they did not understand. TV, radio or steamer did not fit into their culture.

Representing in its content an organic whole, modern information culture appears as the degree of perfection of a person, society as a whole or a certain part of it by using information in all possible forms of vital activity.

Information culture, being a system, has a system-forming core, which is information activity. Information culture is associated with the social nature of man. It is the product of a variety of creative abilities of a person and is manifested in the following aspects:

In specific skills on the use of technical devices (from a telephone to a personal computer and computer networks);

In the ability to use in their activities computer information technology, the basic component of which are numerous software products;

In the ability to extract information from various sources: both from periodicals and from electronic communications, present it in a clear form and be able to use it effectively;

In possession of the basics of analytical processing of information;

In the ability to work with a variety of information;

In the knowledge of the features of information flows in their field of activity.

This activity ensures the functioning and further development of the information potential of society. It is in the process of information activity that people improve the culture of handling information, methods of its receipt, processing, storage and timely issuance. The latter circumstance regarding the timely issuance of information is extremely important. Information in modern society is rapidly aging, reflecting the accelerating course of public life, the development of science and industry, technology and ways of people communicating with each other. Today's information of great value may be discounted tomorrow. Timely issuance of information increases its relevance and practical significance.

2. Forms of information culture

In order to increase its practical significance and, depending on the way people live, the information culture appears in a wide variety of forms - scientific, industrial, political, artistic, educational, etc., which, in turn, have a further division. So, today in companies you can find four types of information culture. Each affects the way information is used, informational behavior and reflects the priorities of company executives in using information to achieve success or prevent failures.

1. Functional culture. In such organizations, information is used primarily to influence others. Managers use information to manage and influence subordinates. This culture is most characteristic of rigidly hierarchical companies, where information serves primarily for management and control.

2. Culture of interaction. In a culture of interaction, managers and specialists trust each other to a sufficient degree and therefore can exchange information that is important for improving processes and increasing efficiency. Direct exchange of information on possible failures and failures is necessary to eliminate problems and adapt to changes.

3. Culture research. In a research culture, managers and employees strive to understand future trends and find the best way to repel a possible threat. Here the predominant informational behavior is foresight. Managers and employees are looking for information to better understand the future and how to change their own activities and adapt to future trends. Today, in many companies, there are "zones" of research culture in services related to customer service, market research, technological research and development, and information gathering.

4. Culture of openness. Here, managers and employees are open to a new understanding of the nature of crises and radical changes, looking for ways to break through to competitiveness. These companies deliberately discard the old approaches to business in order to free themselves for the search for new perspectives and ideas that promise the creation of new products and services that could change the conditions of competition for new markets and industries. Such a company is Microsoft Corporation, which simultaneously competes in the online information, entertainment and video sales markets, which has radically changed the traditional perception of the software manufacturer. The company not only foresees changes or adapts to them, but changes the very basis of competition in various industries. Many companies have “zones” of a culture of openness, where they collect and process information, develop new products and business development scenarios, and seek partnerships with consumers and suppliers. But for now, there are only a handful of companies like Microsoft that have made innovation culture an integral part of their strategy.

Information culture is an organic synthesis of information and culture. Information and culture can be represented as two mutually intersecting spheres, in the zone of which a space is formed, denoted as information culture. It is a culture of human interaction with information at the level of society and the individual.

Information and culture are two phenomena that have many similarities. These features, first of all, include their globality, universality, which are expressed in the presence of their connections with various forms of human activity. Information and culture seem to permeate different ways of human activity, providing it with such characteristic features as creative character, goal-setting, etc. Further, it should be borne in mind that the existence of information and culture are interdependent of each other: cultural processes are realized through information, and vice versa. Culture can effectively influence a person and society only through a mechanism for collecting and disseminating information about the existing environment in which it operates and about the culture itself. For information, as well as for culture, existence in semiotic semiotic systems is characteristic. The main product of the culture are artifacts, which also have information value. Finally, information and culture form an organic unity in the process of education. Culture and information constitute a single diverse whole.

Information culture, as the most important component of the general culture, has a deeply humanistic orientation. It is a very rich storehouse, containing in a generalized form all the previous experience of human activity in the field of obtaining and using information. This, however, does not mean that the “introduction” of modern information culture into society goes smoothly, without a hitch, without overcoming certain difficulties and contradictions. One of these difficulties encountered by society in the way of mastering the information culture is the emergence of information inequality.

First of all, information inequality arises between the subjects of the same generation. At the same department of an educational institution, a conflict arises, if not a conflict, between the members of the department working and not working on a computer. The former have a great opportunity in their scientific and pedagogical activity, more often they come up with scientific reports, write articles and books. People who can work with information and possess it have significant benefits. Social and scientific significance is identified with informational significance.

The second front of the watershed between informed and uninformed actors passes between the old and young generations. The older generation, which is more conservative and difficult to give in to informational “restructuring”, sometimes with skepticism (behind which lies the fear of the new) refers to “computer inventors” and often shows its information illiteracy. The younger generation is often called the "computer generation." It enthusiastically masters information technology, knows how to use it in their studies and work, during leisure hours. As a result, young people live in the same culture, and teachers - in another.

The third front of informational inequality lies within developed countries, the core of which has become the knowledge industry. As traditional cultural values are supplanted by information values, “the boundaries of the middle class are beginning to blur. An increasing number of people are beginning to live within the limits of poverty, their qualifications depreciate with the advent of modern technologies; At the same time, a new “ruling class” begins to form from the carriers of knowledge and intellectual technologies. This stratum of the population, which occupies a dominant position in society, creates an information environment. Along with this, there is a segment of the population that takes only the first steps in this direction, a layer of alienated people from the new information environment and, finally, a part of the population actively opposing innovations that consider them to be socially harmful. Such a digital divide of the population of developed countries affects their social structure or social stratification.

The increasingly rigid and irreversible separation of people and society according to the degree of their participation in obtaining and using information leads to the fact that, in parallel with the trend of globalization, the opposite trend is gradually gaining strength - the separation of people, nations, countries and regions. “It becomes obvious,” write the authors of one book, “that information technologies, these technologies of universal communication and instant communication with everything, paradoxically carry to humanity an era of diversity, deep and final separation, next to which the era of feudal fragmentation looks like a celebration of international and interclass solidarity ". The world faces a division into the “information community” and all the rest. This can lead not only to a slowdown in progress outside developed countries, but also to irreversible social and financial degradation of backward countries. In turn, this process cannot but affect the changes in the lives of developed countries, whose scope of life will inevitably be narrowed by the limits of poverty and destitution of the majority of the world's population.

Conclusion

The process of differentiation of society occurs with increasing acceleration. All this cannot but be reflected in the social structure of society and the relationships of its members. Informatization of society is based on the intellectual activity of individuals and, distinguishing it from the general mass of people, thus contributes to the gradual, all the progressive stratification of society. We hope that humanity has enough intelligence to ensure that these gloomy prospects for the future do not come true. The potentialities of the human race on earth provide a real opportunity for its harmonious development, the creation of a society where the free development of each of its members will be a condition for the free development of society as a whole. Let us hope that the centuries-old dream of mankind to create such a society, and no matter what it will be called - the City of the Sun, the society of the mind, communism, or something else - will be realized. The enormous cultural potential of a society accumulated over the millennia, having received a powerful impetus for its further development in conditions, gives grounds for such hope.

Bibliography

1. Vasilenko, LA; Rybakova, I. Information Culture in the System of Government / Ros. Acad. state Services under the President of Ros. Federation. - M .: Publishing house of RAGS, 2004. - 147 p.

2. Gaydareva I.N. Sociocultural environment as a factor in the formation of an information culture of a person - Maikop: Ajax, 2002

3. Zhozhikov A.V. Theoretical foundations of the formation of a regional informational cultural and educational environment on the Internet: (using the Republic of Sakha (Yakutia) as an example) / Russian Academician of Education, Institute of Informatization of Education - Moscow: Education and Informatics, 2004

4. Zykov V.V. Fundamentals of information culture / M-total. and prof. Education Ros. Federation - Tyumen: Publishing House Tyum. state University, 1999

5. Negodaev I.A. Informatization of culture. M., 2007

6. Ogoltsova N.N., Vostrikova E.A. Formation of information culture by means of computer graphics / Institute of Advanced Training - Novokuznetsk: IPK Publishing House, 2003

7. Skvortsov L.V. Information culture and whole knowledge. - M., 2001. - 288 p.

In the period of transition to the information society, in addition to solving the problems described above, it is necessary to prepare a person for quick perception and processing of large volumes of information, mastering modern means, methods and technology of work. In addition, new working conditions generate the dependence of one person’s awareness on information acquired by other people. Therefore, it is not enough to be able to independently master and accumulate information, and it is necessary to learn such a technology for working with information when decisions are prepared and made on the basis of collective knowledge. This suggests that a person must have a certain level of culture in dealing with information. To reflect this fact, the term information culture was introduced.

Information culture - the ability to work purposefully with information and use computer information technology, modern technical means and methods to receive, process and transmit it.

Let us give the definition of information culture given in: "Information culture in the narrow sense is the level achieved in the development of people’s information communication, as well as a characteristic of the information sphere of people's life activity, in which we can note the degree achieved, the quantity and quality of the created, development trends, the degree of forecasting future. "

For free orientation in the information flow, a person must have an information culture as one of the components of a common culture. Information culture is associated with the social nature of man. It is the product of a variety of creative abilities of a person and is manifested in the following aspects:

Information culture incorporates knowledge from those sciences that contribute to its development and adaptation to a specific type of activity (cybernetics, computer science, information theory, mathematics, database design theory and a number of other disciplines). An integral part of the information culture is the knowledge of the new information technology and the ability to apply it both to automate routine operations and in unusual situations requiring an unconventional creative approach.

In the information society, it is necessary to begin to master the information culture from childhood, first with the help of electronic toys, and then involving a personal computer. For higher educational institutions, the social order of the information society should be considered to ensure the level of information culture of the student, necessary for work in a particular field of activity. In the process of inculcating information culture to a student at a university, along with the study of theoretical information disciplines, a great deal of time must be devoted to computer information technologies, which are the basic components of a future field of activity. Moreover, the quality of training should be determined by the degree of fixed sustainable skills in the environment of basic information technologies in solving typical tasks of the field of activity.

In the information society, the center of gravity falls on social production, where the requirements for the level of training of all its participants are significantly increased. Therefore, in the program of informatization, special attention should be paid to the informatization of education as a direction related to the acquisition and development of a person’s information culture. This, in turn, puts education in the position of an “object” of information, where it is necessary to change the content of training in such a way as to provide the future specialist not only with general educational and professional knowledge in the field of informatics, but also the necessary level of information culture. The widespread introduction of a personal computer into all spheres of the national economy, its new possibilities in organizing a "user-friendly" user-oriented software environment, the use of telecommunications, providing new conditions for teamwork of specialists, the use of information technologies for a wide variety of activities, the ever-growing need for specialists able to carry it out, pose a challenge to the state for revising the entire training system on modern chnological principles. In our country, the solution to this problem is at the initial stage, so it is advisable to take into account the experience of the most developed countries, including the USA, Japan, England, Germany, France, where this process has already received significant development.

Today there is every reason to talk about the formation of a new information culture (IC), which can become an element of the general culture of humanity. It can be based on knowledge of the information environment, the laws of its operation, and the ability to navigate information flows. According to Russian scientists, the information culture is still an indicator not of a general, but rather, of a professional culture, but over time it will become an important factor in the development of each person.

The development of information culture forms in all countries groups of people who are spiritually united by a common understanding of the problems in whose solution they are included. Information culture organically enters the real fabric of social life, giving it a new quality. It leads to a change in many of the prevailing socio-economic, political, and spiritual notions, and introduces qualitatively new features in a person’s lifestyle.

Currently, there are a large number of definitions of information culture. In this case, it is advisable to consider the definition given in two aspects.

Information culture in a broad sense is a set of principles and real mechanisms that ensure the positive interaction of ethnic and national cultures, their combination into the common experience of mankind.

In the narrow sense of the word, these are: optimal ways of handling signs, data, information and presenting them to an interested consumer for solving theoretical and practical problems; mechanisms for improving technical environments for the production, storage and transmission of information; development of a training system, preparing a person for the effective use of information tools and information.

Mastering the information culture is the way to universalize the qualities of a person, which contributes to the real understanding of a person himself, his place and his role. An important role in shaping the information culture is played by education, which should form a new specialist in the information community. This specialist needs to develop the following skills and abilities: information differentiation; highlighting meaningful information; developing criteria for evaluating information; produce information and use it.

The history of information culture goes back thousands of years. The starting point of its history is logical to recognize the moment of the change of the formal attitude to the signal of the situation, which was characteristic of the animal world, to a meaningful one, peculiar exclusively to man. The exchange of content units served as the basis for the development of the language. Before the advent of writing, the development of a language gave rise to a wide range of verbal techniques, spawned a culture of dealing with meaning and text. The written stage centered around the text, which absorbed all the diversity of oral information culture.

Informational culture of mankind at various times shook informational crises. One of the most significant quantitative information crises led to the emergence of writing. Oral methods of preserving knowledge did not ensure the complete preservation of growing volumes of information and the recording of information on a tangible medium, which gave rise to a new period of information culture - documentary. Its structure includes a culture of communication with documents: extracting fixed knowledge, coding and recording information; document search engine. The handling of information became easier, the way of thinking changed, but the oral forms of information culture not only did not lose their meaning, but also enriched themselves with a system of interrelations with written ones.

The next informational crisis has brought about computer technology, modified media and automated some information processes.

Modern information culture has absorbed all its previous forms and combined them into a single tool. As a special aspect of social life, it acts as a subject, means and result of social activity, reflects the nature and level of practical activity of people. This is the result of the activity of the subject and the process of preserving what was created, the distribution and consumption of cultural objects.

As noted in the work, a basis is currently being created for the formation of a contradiction between the category of individuals, whose information culture is formed under the influence of information technologies and reflects the new connections and relations of the information society, and the category of individuals whose information culture is determined by traditional approaches. This creates different levels of its quality at the same cost of effort and time, entailing objective injustice, which is associated with a decrease in the possibilities for the creative manifestation of some subjects as compared to others.

It should be noted that a unique definition of information culture does not yet exist. In one case, it is defined as the informational qualities of an individual (Vogryshev M.G., Zubov Yu.S.), as “harmonization of the inner world of a person in the process of mastering the entire volume of socially important information” (Zinovyeva NB). In another, as an informational activity (IG Khangeldiyev), as “informational activity of an axiological character, i.e. due to the values of culture ”(Grechikhin AA). Sometimes information culture is associated with a certain level of knowledge, “allowing a person to freely navigate in the information space, to participate in its formation and to promote information interaction” (Medvedeva EA), with a new type of communication (Mikhailovskiy VN). There is an understanding of information culture as a characteristic of the level of development of society (Sosnina T.N.). Such a difference in the understanding of information culture reflects both the level of its understanding in the socio-philosophical and culturological literature, as well as the complexity and diversity of this phenomenon.

Information culture should be understood, first of all, as part of a common culture, one of the most important aspects of cultural activity in general. It has features common to all culture: its inseparable connection to the social nature of man, is a product of human activity, the result of the active attitude of people to nature, society and each other. At the same time, information culture acts as a necessary and effective factor for a person to master cultural reality, the entire cultural potential of society, which has accumulated humanity in the course of its centuries-old historical path. Therefore, one should not limit the field of information culture functioning only to the sphere of computerization or information technology in general. In reality, this sphere is much wider and covers the processes of scientific activity, education, management of natural and social processes, the sphere of everyday life, leisure, etc. As the informatization of society expands, this sphere expands; the process acts as an objectively necessary for the development of society. In this regard, one can agree with A.I.Rakitov, who writes that “the informatization of culture, i.e. Equipping all cultural processes with modern information technology is no longer a wish, but an objective internal historical necessity. The historical process as a whole acquires a new qualitative certainty ”(83, 28).

In the sociocultural sense, information culture is a set of principles and real mechanisms that ensure the positive interaction of ethical and national cultures, their connection into the common experience of humanity. In this aspect, information culture is an element of the general culture of mankind, the most important means of shaping the world cultural community, creating a world information space. It determines the level of information communication - fundamentally new forms of communication without the personal presence of individuals in the dialogue mode. In the era of the informatization of society, information culture is a readiness to master a new way of life based on the use of information, to build a new (informational) picture of the world and to define one’s place in this rapidly changing world. As part of the general culture of an individual, an information culture should embrace ethics and aesthetics, ergonomics, and information security issues (both in terms of protecting information, and in terms of protecting the human psyche).

In the technical-technological sense, information culture is the best way to handle signs, data, information and present them to an interested consumer to solve theoretical and practical problems, mechanisms to improve technical means of production, storage and transmission of information. In this understanding, it is an indicator not of a general, but rather of a professional culture. Information culture in this aspect absorbs the knowledge of science, the use of the achievements of which are necessary for successful information activities, and the ability to apply this knowledge in their practical activities. These include, above all, cybernetics, computer science, mathematics, database design theory, and a number of other disciplines. An integral part of the information culture in this aspect is the knowledge of the new information technology and the ability to apply it both to automate routine operations and in extraordinary situations requiring retreat from standards and non-traditional creative thinking. In this aspect, information culture is knowledge about how to obtain, process, store, issue and use information, as well as the ability to work with information in a focused manner for practical purposes.

A sign of information culture is not only the receipt of the most diverse and diverse information, but also the ability to choose the most important and necessary information from the vast array of available information. If earlier we were puzzled by the question “What to read?”, Now the question “What not to read?” If we strive to read everything for a particular problem, then there will be no time left to contribute to the solution of this problem. “Today, it’s not information gathering that comes to the fore,” writes E. Toffler, “but the ability to find in the whole mass of data what is needed, correctly analyze the screened information and deliver it to the right customer in a timely manner” (105, 358). Moreover, you need to be able to process information as needed, which is no less important than the content of the information itself. “In the information world, people need not only the information itself, but also the ability to process and interpret it,” writes E. Dyson. “The complexities of our society - and the possibilities of the“ digital age ”- impose corresponding demands on individuals. They need to be better educated in order to survive economically and succeed socially. They also need to have proper moral education in order to make difficult decisions ”(13, 121).

It should be noted that today’s information culture is still basically an indicator not of the general culture in its socio-technical aspect, but of professional culture. The ability to work with information technology is often combined, at best, with knowledge of computer science, mathematics and English - that is, those areas of knowledge that provide practical human interaction with the technical means of receiving and issuing information. However, considering the information culture more broadly, it should be said that the general methods of presenting knowledge and skills should not be sought only in a computer situation. The real scope of information culture is much wider, the range of its content is much richer.

Note that modern information culture is a product of the centuries-old evolution of humanity, their knowledge and activities. Its story begins when, many thousands of years ago, people formally treated the signal of the situation, characteristic of the animal world, to a meaningful one. The person began to understand the content of the signal, which served as the basis for the development of a specific means of communication - the language at first in the form of sound, words, and then in the form of other means - writing, documents, etc. what we have already talked about. Now a person has a variety of means of information transfer. However, they represent an organic unity and at the same time a product of historical development.

It is known that the structure of the system is the result of its development, i.e. the fact that in a developed system is located next to each other, in the process of developing the system, one appeared after the other. This provision of the systems approach is applicable to the study of culture. To arbitrarily pull one element out of the context of modern information culture and modern culture in general is to devalue a cultural artifact torn from one's environment, to distort its meaning. When we, in the West, are engaged in a system of physical exercises for the Yogi system, they do not understand that these exercises have their own cultural text in the Raj – Yogi system (“royal Yoga”) as a technique of self-control, a technical aspect of isolating feelings from external influences, mastering breathing, concentration of thought and release from the bodily shell. The yoga system can only be understood in the context of the ancient Indian culture. This applies to any element of any culture. In the middle of the 20th century, a tribe of Aboriginal people living in prehistoric time was discovered in the desert of Australia. When they were persuaded to come to the city, they looked with amazement and dismay at the tall buildings, cars, steamboats, radio and television. But truly they were shocked by the match, which, when lit, lit one of the scientists. The match that made the fire had a greater cultural value for them than the TV, which they did not understand. TV, radio or steamer did not fit into their culture.

In specific skills on the use of technical devices (from a telephone to a personal computer and computer networks);

In the ability to use in their activities computer information technology, the basic component of which are numerous software products;

In the ability to extract information from various sources: both from periodicals and from electronic communications, present it in a clear form and be able to use it effectively;

In possession of the basics of analytical processing of information;

In the ability to work with a variety of information;

In the knowledge of the features of information flows in their field of activity.

3. Culture research. In a research culture, managers and employees strive to understand future trends and find a better way to repel a possible threat. Here the predominant informational behavior is foresight. Managers and employees are looking for information to better understand the future and how to change their own activities and adapt to future trends. Today, in many companies, there are "zones" of research culture in services related to customer service, market research, technological research and development, and information gathering.

4. Finally, there is a culture of openness. Here, managers and employees are open to a new understanding of the nature of crises and radical changes, looking for ways to break through to competitiveness. These companies deliberately discard the old approaches to business in order to free themselves for the search for new perspectives and ideas that promise the creation of new products and services that could change the conditions of competition for new markets and industries. Such a company is Microsoft Corporation, which simultaneously competes in the online information, entertainment and video sales markets, which has radically changed the traditional perception of the software manufacturer. The company not only foresees changes or adapts to them, but changes the very basis of competition in various industries. Many companies have “zones” of openness culture, where they collect and process information, develop new products and business development scenarios, and seek partnerships with consumers and suppliers. But for now, there are only a handful of companies like Microsoft that have made innovation culture an integral part of their strategy.

However, this unity is dialectically contradictory and includes a difference. The difference between information and culture lies in the ways of mastering the world. Information reflects the world in a symbolic form that has a numerical value. Artifacts of culture can act in the form of artistic images, moral norms and other specific cultural phenomena. The inner ideas of development themselves are different: for culture, philosophical and aesthetic norms, for information, scientific and technical elements.

The contradictory unity of information and culture is a concrete manifestation of the contradiction between technocracy and culture, which is characteristic of modern society. “The tension existing between technocracy and culture,” writes D. Bell, “is equally one of the main problems of modern society” (2, 460). The fact is that technology and information technologies allow us to develop a culture, and they also cause degradation, and sometimes destruction of spiritual values. A paradoxical situation arises: on the one hand, there is a widespread introduction of advanced technology and technology, on the other - a sharp criticism of technocracy. This paradoxical situation, however, only confirms the existence of a significant connection between culture and technology. The best personification of this connection is the information culture. “In my opinion,” writes K.E.Razlogov, “The 20th century not only and not so much gave rise to the conflict between technology and culture, but deepened the interaction between them, because modern forms of culture (cinema, radio, sound recording, TV, video, computers in the field of leisure and creativity) associated with technology, grow out of technology ”(65, 17).

In the era of informatization of society, the main social divide occurs on the border between those who can work with information and possess it, and those who do not have this opportunity. Between these two conglomerates forms what is called the “digital barrier” or “digital divide”. As you can see, these terms themselves indicate that people now increasingly receive the bulk of information through a computer, digital devices. The social significance of the subject is increasingly determined by the degree of his awareness, which acts as the main social wealth, crowding into the background the production of material goods and the possession of money. Priorities are increasingly shifting from property and capital to scientific knowledge and information. “The well-being of people,” writes E. Dyson, “depends less and less on what they have in their hands and on their bank account, and more in line with what they can do with their minds. This means that the task of maintaining equality, even equality of opportunity, is much more difficult than simply redistributing property ”(13, 124).

The second front of the watershed between informed and uninformed actors passes between the old and young generations. “Many parents do not feel free in an environment that their child understands better than they do,” writes E. Dyson (ibid., P. 142). The older generation, which is more conservative and difficult to give in to informational “restructuring,” sometimes with skepticism (behind which lies the fear of the new) refers to “computer inventors” and often manifests its information illiteracy. The younger generation is often called the “computer generation. It enthusiastically masters information technology, knows how to use it in their studies and work, during leisure hours. As a result, young people live in the same culture, and teachers - in another.

The third front of informational inequality lies within developed countries, the core of which has become the knowledge industry. As traditional cultural values are supplanted by informational values, “the boundaries of the middle class are beginning to blur. An increasing number of people are beginning to live within the limits of poverty, their qualifications depreciate with the advent of modern technologies; At the same time, a new “ruling class” begins to form from the carriers of knowledge and intellectual technologies. This stratum of the population, which occupies a dominant position in society, creates an information environment. Along with this, there is a segment of the population that takes only the first steps in this direction, a layer of alienated people from the new information environment and, finally, a part of the population actively opposing innovations that consider them to be socially harmful. Such a digital divide of the population of developed countries affects their social structure or social stratification.

Let us point out one more front of informational inequality - this is informational inequality between developed and developing countries. Now only less than 5% of computers with Internet access are located in developing countries, while 88% of Internet users are located in developed countries. The consequences of such a gap are obvious, since the insufficient development of information technologies brings with it a slowdown in economic development in a vast region of the globe.

Thus, informational inequality creates conflicts between people of the same generation, people of different generations, aggravates social tensions between the population of developed countries and between developed and developing countries. All this increases the economic inequality between individuals, segments of the population and countries. “Informational inequality in the era of the formation of the information society,” writes S.V. Bondarenko, “becomes one of the most important factors in the differentiation of social groups, including, as a result, on the basis of property” (5, 33).

The increasingly rigid and irreversible separation of people and society according to the degree of their participation in obtaining and using information leads to the fact that, in parallel with the trend of globalization, the opposite trend is gradually gaining strength - the separation of people, nations, countries and regions. “It becomes obvious,” write the authors of one book, “that information technologies, these technologies of universal communication and instant communication with everything, paradoxically carry humanity to the era of diversity, deep and final separation, next to which the era of feudal fragmentation looks like a celebration of international and interclass solidarity ”(81, 133). The world is threatened by division into the “information community” and all the rest. This can lead not only to a slowdown in progress outside developed countries, but also to irreversible social and financial degradation of backward countries. In turn, this process cannot but affect the changes in the lives of developed countries, whose scope of life will inevitably be narrowed by the limits of poverty and destitution of the majority of the world's population.

If we extrapolate this modern trend to a more or less distant future, we get a rather gloomy picture, which was described, in particular, by Yu.A.Fomin. As mankind evolves, there is a continuous increase in the average intellectual level of society. At the same time, a general increase in the average intellectual level of society is accompanied by its continuous differentiation, that is, an ever-increasing gap between individuals with high and low intelligence. As a result of the ever-increasing differentiation, humanity will stratify into groups that are significantly different from each other in terms of the level of intellectual development.

The process of differentiation of society occurs with increasing acceleration. All this cannot but be reflected in the social structure of society and the relationships of its members. Informatization of society is based on the intellectual activity of individuals and, distinguishing it from the general mass of people, thus contributes to the gradual, all the progressive stratification of society. Noting that further more significant changes will take place in society in the future, Yu.A. Fomin comes to the grim conclusion that the intensification of informational inequality “ultimately can lead to the division of society into irreconcilable, antagonistic parts or groups” (115, 41 -42). There are deep social contradictions that impede the further development of society. “The ever-expanding differentiation of humanity and the continuously accelerating scientific and technical progress,” concludes Yu.A. Fomin, they are overtaking the evolution of the social structures of society according to their pace of development, and they are no longer able to solve the tasks facing them at the proper level and develop harmoniously ”(Ibid, p.51).

We hope that humanity has enough intelligence to ensure that these gloomy prospects for the future do not come true. The potentialities of the human race on earth provide a real opportunity for its harmonious development, the creation of a society where the free development of each of its members will be a condition for the free development of society as a whole. Let's hope that the centuries-old dream of humanity to create such a society, and no matter what it will be called - the City of the Sun, the society of the mind, communism, or even as something else - will be realized. The enormous cultural potential of a society accumulated over the millennia, having received a powerful impetus for its further development in conditions, gives grounds for such hope.

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i design documents, calculations and creating diagrams. Naturally, he has in himself the corresponding functions. Information culture and the rule of law. The conditions of existence of mankind in the 21st century require a transition to a new strategy for the development of a society based on knowledge and highly efficient technologies. It is this kind of knowledge that allows us to put together these components and help modern ...

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Culture is one of the most important characteristics of being of a person and society, “the measure of human in a person”, the basis of personality. The rapid development in recent decades of new information technologies has actualized interest in those aspects of culture that essentially characterize the human condition in the modern world. In a broad sense, information culture is a socio-historical universal, a qualitative characteristic of human life in the field of receiving, transmitting, storing and using information. In the history of mankind, such fundamental ways of storing and transmitting information as oral (ritual type), written and screen were presented. Accordingly, always knowledge, abilities, skills of a person in information activities and informational relations testified to his general culture and social status. But only in modern conditions, at the stage of development of the “screen” culture, has information culture become the subject of philosophical and scientific discourse, the field of purposeful practical actions, including the educational system. Its development at the present stage is primarily associated with the formation of special informational qualities of the individual.

There is a variety of approaches to the definition of the concept of "information culture of the individual." In a narrow sense, it is characterized as a set of optimal ways of handling information, information knowledge, skills. Of course, such definitions do not reveal the full content of the concept, limiting its technological side.

In modern studies offered and broader interpretations. So, E.P. Semenyuk under the information culture in general, understands the information component of human culture, objectively characterizing the level of all information processes carried out in society and existing information relations. Accordingly, an information culture of an individual is defined as the degree of perfection of a person, a society or a certain part of it in all possible types of work with information: its receipt, accumulation, coding and processing of any kind, in creating qualitative information on this basis, its transmission, practical use. In the definition of S.D. Karakoz personal information culture is “an integral part of basic personality culture as a system characteristic of a person, allowing him to effectively participate in all types of work with information: receiving, accumulating, coding and processing of any kind, in creating qualitative information on this basis, its transmission, practical use, and including literacy and competence in understanding the nature of information processes and relationships, a humanistically oriented information value-sense sphere (aspirations, interests, worldview, value orientations), developed informational reflection, as well as creativity in informational behavior and social informational activity ”. In the definition of E.A. Medvedev's information culture - the level of knowledge that allows a person to freely navigate in the information space, to participate in its formation and to promote information interaction. The dignity of the presented approaches is seen in the desire not to limit the understanding of the information culture to only instrumental characteristics, but to define it in the context of the general culture of the individual and the state of the information culture of the society as a whole.

Understanding the information culture of the individual as the most important component of the general culture of a person leads to the need to single out not only the technological, but also the ideological component in the systemic unity of its three components - cognitive, practical and valuable. The cognitive component is characterized by the level and content of information needs, awareness of the role of information in society, knowledge of the laws of the information environment and the rules governing information activities, understanding of their features in their own field of activity. The practical side is based on the ability of a person to turn information into knowledge and apply it in everyday and professional activities, including the culture of information-psychological self-defense. The content of the value component encompasses the personal criteria for selecting and evaluating information for its usefulness and truth, the ethics of informational activities, and positive stereotypes of informational behavior and activities. Thus, the information culture of a person is the actualization of the general culture of a person in information activity, in its relations with the subjects of this activity and the information environment as a whole. This is a qualitative characteristic of a person, expressing the level of his cultural development in relation to information activities and the information sphere.

Information culture can be viewed at three levels - cognitive, behavioral, and value-normative, with the latter acting as a backbone, defining the spiritual image of a person as a subject of information and environmental activities and relationships. Values act as a positively personally significant, internal reference point of activity, which is emotionally mastered by the subject. The value-regulatory component largely determines the nature of cognitive and practical information activities: the development of new knowledge and the acquisition of skills, their daily practical application in the process of using new information tools. The axiological dimension may have the quality of the information environment, the content of information, the subjects of information relations themselves, the norms and requirements for behavior in the information space.

The measure of personal information culture development is in the ability and ability to unleash one’s creative potential, not only in freedom, but also in responsibility, the importance of which in the modern information environment is increasing. Recently, much has been said about the great potential of creativity, which contain new information technologies. Indeed, the twentieth century gave mankind a number of paradoxes, not least of which is the so-called humanistic paradigm of the development of modern civilization. The contours of the information society, outlined by Western futurists, confidently line up around a free, educated and creative person. In the light of this concept, the prospects of humanity in connection with the introduction of new information technologies look quite optimistic. Indeed, the increased storage and transmission of information, it becomes more accessible. Routine operations were transferred to the computer, freeing up time for a person to be creative. There are opportunities to solve more complex problems, there is an increase in the human intellect. Of particular importance are changes for the education system. There are new conditions for the transition to student-centered learning.

At the same time, dehumanization became the vector of sociocultural changes in the age when so much was said and written about man, person and freedom. The virtual world increasingly intrudes into everyday reality, forcing them to play by their own rules. Virtualization has touched everyday life and politics, war and the sphere of interpersonal relations. The computer generates a new destructive form of escapism, the flight of man not only from other people in the real world, but also from himself. There is another round of "archaization" of culture. True, traditional culture through the myth of anthropomorphizing the world, endowing it with the qualities of a subject and implied the possibility of similar relationships. Modern archaic is the alienation of the properties and qualities of the subject in favor of virtual sign reality. At the same time, the phenomenon of animatization, noted for the man-computer system, is one of the possible, albeit largely illusory, ways of overcoming alienation.

Informatization of society also gave rise to the problem of informational disorientation of the individual. Easy access to information gives rise to the rejection of independence in the development of new knowledge, provokes the use of untested, sometimes poor quality material. One of the most important principles, the freedom of information, has created the still unsolved problem of guaranteeing its quality. The principle of economy of thinking prevails, introducing a pattern into the process of searching, processing and analyzing educational and scientific information. It should be noted that one of the possibilities to solve this problem is to form an information culture of the individual, the ability to independently, critically approach the selection of information, transforming it into knowledge, actualized in the activity.

The nature of changes in the information culture of a modern person cannot be understood without resorting to the value changes of the information culture of the society as a whole. Thus, there is a further vitalization of values, the transformation of the problems of health, physicality and consumption into an element of mass culture. In the structure of vital values, the concept of human information security begins to play a special role, which implies the further development of the problems of human ecology in the information space. Moral values in the virtual space of social interactions receive a special dimension, where non-personification, anonymity become the norm, which means that a person passes the test of irresponsibility. Aesthetic values also play an important role in information activities. The forms of representation of information as well as artistic values produced in the framework of traditional and new forms of art can be assessed. In the structure of socio-organizational values (political and legal), the importance of the media is enhanced, the qualitative update of which is due to new information technologies. Under these conditions, the ambivalence of this kind of information increases, for example, the growth of diversity against the general background of a decrease in its quality and insufficiently developed information culture of its mass consumer.

Personality information culture can be viewed at two levels - as general and professional, with the role of the latter steadily increasing. In the conditions of mass production and consumption of information, its constant updating, the requirements for a modern qualified specialist change. He should have not only professional knowledge, skills, but also, more broadly, a special culture - knowledge, thinking, education and self-education. Personality information culture is not just computer skills, software, etc. First of all, it is a culture of mastering knowledge, the ability to combine traditional and modern methods of cognitive activity. This is a high level of professional mobility and adaptability in the information environment, responsibility for the information security of society, the general culture of communication in the professional community in the information sphere. It is also necessary to understand the prospects for the development of new information technologies, their fundamental impact on the life of modern society.

Notes:

Semenyuk A.L. Information culture of society and the progress of informatics // STI. Ser.1. - 1994. - №7. - C.3.

Karakozov S.D. Information culture in the context of the general theory of personal culture // Pedagogical computer science. - 2000.– №2. - p.55.

Medvedeva E.A. Basics of Information Culture // Socis. - 1994. - №11. - P.59.