Information society. The state and trends of development of information technologies and their impact on the life of society and the citizen. Electronic services, e-government, e-inclusiveness, e-business, telemedicine and other facets of the information society.

The development of modern society is impossible without information technology, which allows us to speak about a new phase of social development, which has been called the Information Society. Many prominent scientists of the world, such as W. Martin, M. Castells, M. McLuhan, J. Masuda, T. Stoneyer, were engaged in the development of the concept of the information society. The author of this term is considered a professor at the Tokyo Institute of Technology Y. Hayashi.

The information society is a stage in the development of a society when the use of information and communication technologies (ICT) has a significant impact on the main social institutions and spheres of life:

• economy and business,
• public administration,
• education,
• social service and medicine,
• culture and art.

Communication media - telephony, radio, television, the Internet, traditional and electronic media - the technological basis of the information society.

Let us see how the information society can manifest itself in various spheres of our life.

Economic: information is used as a resource, services, product, source of value added and employment, receives the development of electronic business. There is no need to send a representative to a business partner from another region, the documents are certified by an electronic digital signature. No need to spend time choosing goods, just browse the online store catalog. No need to visit the tax office to submit tax reports. You do not need to spend time on the road to do your job (for some types of professional activity). No need to go to the cashier to buy a train ticket, it is enough to order and pay remotely.

Political: freedom of information leading to the development of e-democracy, e-state, e-government. To express your opinion on a particular issue or form a group of like-minded people to implement any initiative, just go to the corresponding website on the Internet. To get the state service, it’s enough to fill in the request form remotely, and after a certain time, get the required document in your mailbox. About e-government will be discussed in more detail in the next lecture.

E-state is a way to increase the efficiency of the state, based on the use of information systems. This implies that the use of ICT involves the executive (e-government), and the legislature (e-parliament, e-democracy), and the judiciary (e-justice).

It can be said that at the moment the process of formation of the electronic state is underway, as evidenced by the emergence of the Single portal of electronic democracy of the Russian Federation
(http://e-democratia.ru/). The system of "E-democracy" provides an opportunity to participate in making management decisions, public discussions of official documents and monitoring the activities of government bodies.

Social: information acts as an important stimulator of changes in the quality of life. To get expert advice, the patient does not need to go to a medical center, but it will be enough to leave your documents on the portal and get in touch with the relevant doctor (telemedicine) at the appointed time. To get help in an emergency, it’s enough to use a single emergency number (for example, the Care system, which will be discussed in more detail in one of the following lectures). To put a student to school, it is enough to download a set of textbooks from a regional educational portal and save them in an e-book.

Cultural: Recognizing the cultural value of information (for example, the UNESCO project “Digital Heritage”). To pick up literature on topics of interest, it is enough to use the electronic catalog of any library throughout the country. To visit a foreign museum, just visit the appropriate site. To get an education at any university in the world, you need to refer to its distance learning resources.

It can be said that the information society is most pronounced in countries that are characterized as “developed post-industrial society” (Japan, USA, Western Europe).

We give some dates, strategies and programs. In March 2000, the European Union adopted a 10-year working strategy for economic, social and environmental renewal, called the European Research Area (ERA). The goal of this strategy is the transition of the EU to a knowledge-based economy, which should become the most dynamic and competitive in the world.

One of the projects stimulating intensive economic development and strengthening the EU's position in the international market has become the largest political project, Electronic Europe (eEurope), within which many programs can be implemented both within EU member states and at the level of the European Commission.

In 2000, the G8 leaders adopted the Okinawa Charter of the Global Information Society. The Charter points out the importance of the development of the information society to improve the welfare of citizens and the development of the economy as a whole. It explains how new technologies and their diffusion are today a key driving element of the socio-economic development of countries. The Charter also indicates the need for the implementation of national and international strategies for the implementation of the objectives.

The development of the ideas of the information society can be considered the concept of a “knowledge society” supported by UNESCO, which focuses on humanistic principles. The economic and social functions of capital are shifting to information, and the university becomes the core of social organization as a center for the production, processing and accumulation of knowledge. It is particularly emphasized that in the “knowledge society” priorities should be the quality of education, freedom of expression, universal access to information for all, respect for cultural and linguistic diversity.

The development of the information society inevitably leads to the fact that many specialists work in the field of production and dissemination of information. This requires not only new skills and new knowledge, but also new thinking, desires and the opportunity to learn throughout life.

Unfortunately, in our country, there is still an insufficient level of development of the information technology industry, which leads to a lag behind world leaders. The formation of the information society in Russia is also hampered by the insufficient level of dissemination of basic skills of using information technologies both among the population as a whole and among state and municipal employees.

The problems that hinder the increase in the efficiency of using information technologies in order to improve the quality of life of citizens are complex. Their elimination requires significant resources, coordinated organizational changes and ensuring the coherence of actions of public authorities.

As a result of the implementation of the federal target program "Electronic Russia (2002-2010)", a certain reserve was created in the field of introducing information technologies into the activities of government bodies and the organization of public services.

Since the development of the information society is a platform for solving higher level tasks - modernizing the economy and public relations, ensuring the constitutional rights of citizens and freeing up resources for personal development, the Information Society Development Strategy and the state program “Information Society (2011-2020)” were adopted 1.1).

Fig. 1.1. Components of the Information Society Program

  Program activities in accordance with the Strategy should provide the following results:

Formation of a modern information and telecommunication infrastructure, the provision of high-quality services on its basis and the provision of a high level of information and technology accessibility for the population;
improving the quality of education, medical care and social protection of the population based on information technology;

Improving the system of state guarantees of the constitutional rights of a person and a citizen in the information sphere, increasing the efficiency of state administration and local self-government, the quality and efficiency of the provision of public services;

The development of the economy of the Russian Federation through the use of information technology, increasing labor mobility and the provision of employment;

Improving the efficiency of state administration and local self-government, the interaction of civil society and business with government bodies, the quality and efficiency of the provision of public services;

The development of science, technology and technology, as well as training of qualified personnel in the field of information technology;

Preservation of the culture of the multinational people of the Russian Federation, strengthening of moral and patriotic principles in the public consciousness, as well as the development of a system of cultural and humanitarian education;
counteracting the use of the potential of information technologies to threaten Russia's interests.

Currently, the technical and economic aspects of the formation of the information society are coming to the fore. Unfortunately, the social and humanistic aspects of this process are still underdeveloped.

It should be noted that such a complex socio-economic phenomenon as information inequality is widespread in Russia. Many localities and social groups do not yet have access to information technology and drop out of the information society. To solve this problem, a complex of measures is needed, including not only the development of the telecommunications infrastructure, but also the elimination of the “information illiteracy” of citizens, assistance to low-income segments of the population in acquiring computing equipment, and creating public access points.

Thus, in the modern world, information technologies have a significant impact on the life of society and the citizen in all spheres of public life. In Russia, with the support of the state, the process of the formation of the information society is taking place: the federal target program “Electronic Russia” has been implemented, the “Strategy of the development of the information society” and the state program “Information Society” have been adopted.

Practice

Exercise 1.1
Read the article “Russia needs e-democracy” (http://experttalks.ru/book/export/html/325).
Please formulate your attitude towards Internet democracy and the idea of ​​electronic voting.

Exercise 1.2
Watch the video "Electronic services: checked for yourself" (http://rutube.ru/tracks/4693692.html).
How do you assess the situation in which the journalist got into?
Do you have experience in receiving electronic services? Positive or not?

Information technology in modern world.

І.1. Information technology in education.

Currently, education faces many challenges and the most important of them is preparing the younger generation for life in the information society.

The information society is characterized by a high level of development of information and communication technologies and their intensive use by citizens, business and government bodies. The increase in value added in the economy today is largely due to intellectual activity, increasing the technological level of production and the spread of modern information and communication technologies.

The transition from industrial to post-industrial society significantly enhances the role of intellectual factors of production. International experience shows that high technologies, including information and communication, have already become the engine of social and economic development in many countries of the world, and ensuring guaranteed free access of citizens to information is one of the most important tasks of states.

Over the past 10 years, there has been a fundamental change in the role and place of personal computers and information technologies in society. Possession of information technology is placed in the modern world on a par with such qualities as the ability to read and write. A person who skillfully, effectively owns technologies and information, has a different, new style of thinking, in a fundamentally different approach to the assessment of the problem that has arisen, to the organization of his activities.

Currently, information, information processes and technologies are the most important components of human life, which determines the formation of the information society. A new informational lifestyle is being formed, where almost all of its sides are largely penetrated by human information activity based on modern information technologies, which means that the person himself is changing - his needs, interests, attitudes, and values.

Information (lat. informatio - clarification, presentation, awareness) - one of the most general concepts of science, denoting some information, a set of any data, knowledge, etc.

Communication-

way of communication (eg, air to., water to.);

form of communication (eg, telegraph, radio, telephone);

the act of communication, communication between two or more individuals, based on mutual understanding; communication of information from one person to another or a number of persons;

massive. The process of communicating information through technical means ... to a numerically large, dispersed audience.

Technology(from the Greek. tchne - art, skill, skill and Greek. logos - learning) - a set of methods and tools to achieve the desired result; method of conversion of data into the necessary; mode of production.

Information and communication technology (ICT)  - a set of methods, production processes and software and hardware tools integrated for the purpose of collecting, processing, storing, distributing, displaying and using information in the interests of its users.

As noted by E.I. Vishtynetsky and A.O. Krivosheev, the use of ICT used in education should set as a goal the implementation of the following tasks, such as:

support and development of the student's systematic thinking;

support of all types of cognitive activity of the student in the acquisition of knowledge, development and consolidation of skills and abilities;

implementation of the principle of individualization of the educational process while maintaining its integrity.

Educational ICT tools can be classified according to a number of parameters:

1. By solving pedagogical tasks:

means providing basic training (electronic textbooks, training systems, knowledge control systems);

means of practical training (task books, workshops, virtual designers, simulation programs, simulators);

aids (encyclopedias, dictionaries, anthologies, developing computer games, multimedia training sessions);

integrated tools (distance learning courses).

2. According to the functions in the organization of the educational process:

information and educational (electronic libraries, electronic books, electronic periodicals, dictionaries, reference books, educational computer programs, information systems);

interactive (e-mail, electronic newsgroups);

search engines (directories, search engines).

3. According to the forms of application in the educational process:

• extracurricular

four . By type of information:

electronic and information resources with textual information (textbooks, textbooks, problem books, tests, dictionaries, reference books, encyclopedias, periodicals, numerical data, program and teaching materials);

electronic and informational resources with visual information (collections: photographs, portraits, illustrations, video clips of processes and phenomena, demonstration of experiments, video tours, statistical and dynamic models, interactive models, symbolic objects: diagrams, diagrams);

electronic and information resources with audio information (sound recordings of poems, didactic speech material, musical works, sounds of animate and inanimate nature, synchronized audioobjects);

I .2. The use of information technology as a means of enhancing students' cognitive activity in school.

The rapid development of new information technologies left an imprint on the development of the personality of the modern child. Today, a new link, a computer, is introduced into the traditional teacher-student-textbook scheme, and computer-based learning is introduced into the school consciousness. One of the main parts of the informatization of education is the use of information technology in educational disciplines.

For elementary schools, this means a change of priorities in setting education goals: one of the results of teaching and education in the first grade school should be the readiness of children to master modern computer technologies and the ability to actualize the information obtained with their help for further self-education. To achieve these goals, it becomes necessary to use in primary school teacher's work different types of teaching strategies for younger students and, above all, the use of information and communication technologies in the educational process.

The use of ICT in various lessons in elementary school allows you to develop the ability of students to navigate the information flow of the world master practical ways of working with information; to develop skills that allow the exchange of information using modern technical means.

Lessons using computer technology can make them more interesting, thoughtful, mobile. Almost any material is used, there is no need to prepare for the lesson a lot of encyclopedias, reproductions, audio accompaniments - all this is already prepared in advance and is contained on a small compact disc.

Lessons using ICT are particularly relevant in primary school. Pupils of grades 1-4 have visual-figurative thinking, so it is very important to build their training, applying as much qualitative illustrative material as possible, involving in the process of perceiving not only vision, but also hearing, emotions, imagination. Here, as it is impossible by the way, brightness and entertaining of computer slides, animations are necessary. Modern computer technologies provide enormous opportunities for the development of the educational process. More K.D. Ushinsky remarked: "Children's nature requires clarity." In recent years, we have literally collapsed technological progress. The fact that yesterday, it seemed fantastic, came into our lives. Children, as the most inquisitive and curious part of society, literally "swallow" all the new items. They confidently use mobile phones, computers, various DVD players, etc. Therefore, it is necessary to constantly look for the most effective ways to conduct lessons.

The use of ICT in the classroom enhances the positive motivation of learning, activates the cognitive activity of students.

When introducing information technologies in the classroom, the following guidelines should be followed:

1. information technologies in education are not an end in themselves, but a means aimed at solving problems of real change in the quality of education, at increasing its effectiveness;

2. The newest information technologies are optimally integrated into the traditional education system, taking into account pedagogical expediency and in combination with various educational technologies;

Formation of a creative personality, one of the main tasks of education. Its implementation dictates the need to develop the cognitive interests, abilities and capabilities of the child.

The most effective means of incorporating a child into the process of creativity in a lesson are:

gaming activities;

creating positive emotional situations;

work in pairs;

problem learning

In elementary school, it is impossible to conduct a lesson without attracting visual aids; problems often arise. Where to find the necessary material and how best to demonstrate it? A computer came to the rescue.

The use of multimedia presentations in a classroom in primary school combines many of the components necessary for the successful learning of schoolchildren. This television image, and animation, and sound, and graphics.

The analysis of such studies has shown that cognitive motivation is increasing, mastering of complex material is facilitated.

In addition, fragments of lessons, which use presentations, reflect one of the main principles of creating a modern lesson - the principle of fasciation (the principle of attractiveness). Thanks to the presentations, the children, who usually were not very active in the classroom, began to actively express their opinions and reason.

A fairly widespread multimedia projectors can significantly increase visibility due to the use of multimedia presentations by the teacher during the lesson.

A multimedia presentation is a program that can contain textual materials, photographs, drawings, slide shows, sound design and narration, video sequences and animation, three-dimensional graphics. The main difference between presentations and other ways of presenting information is their particular richness of content and interactivity, i.e. the ability to change in a certain way and respond to user actions. Consequently, multimedia technologies present information in the most efficient way possible.

Multimedia technology allows you to control the flow of information, i.e. can be interactive.

Multimedia presentations give direct access to information. The user can immediately see all the content and move on to what interested him.

Modern school faces the problem of increasing the efficiency of education. To do this, one must look for, choose methods, technologies of education, based on the requirements of the state standard for the quality of modern education.

It can be argued that the proper use of the capabilities of modern information technologies in primary school contributes to:

enhance cognitive activity, improve the quality of schoolchildren’s academic performance;

the achievement of learning objectives with the help of modern e-learning materials intended for use in primary school lessons;

the development of self-education and self-control skills among younger students; increase the level of learning comfort;

reducing didactic difficulties for students;

increase the activity and initiative of younger students in the classroom; development of schoolchildren’s information thinking, formation of information and communication competence;

І.3. Multimedia presentation. Classification.

Multimedia presentations are a convenient and effective way to present information using computer programs. It combines dynamics, sound and image, i.e. those factors that hold the attention of the child for the longest.

The simultaneous impact on the two most important organs of perception (hearing and vision) can achieve a much greater effect. According to the Center for Applied Research at the Wharton School of the University of Minnesota, a person remembers 20% of what he heard and 30% of what he saw, and more than 50% of what he sees and hears at the same time. Thus, facilitating the process of perception and memorization of information using vivid images is the basis of any modern presentation.

Moreover, the presentation allows the teacher to independently compose educational material on the basis of their particular class, topic, subject, which allows to build a lesson so as to achieve the maximum educational effect.

When preparing for a lesson using ICT, a teacher should not forget that this is a lesson, and therefore makes a lesson plan based on his goals; when selecting educational material, he must follow basic didactic principles: systematic and consistent, accessible, differentiated, scientific, etc. In this case, the computer does not replace the teacher, but only complements it.

A computer can be used at all stages: both in the preparation of a lesson and in the learning process: in explaining (introducing) a new material, fixing, repeating, and controlling a ZUN

When designing a lesson, a teacher can use various software products:

1. It is possible in the preparation and conduct of the lesson the use of ready-made software products (encyclopedias, training programs, etc.).

2 A great help in preparing and conducting lessons is provided to the teacher by the Microsoft Office suite, which, in addition to the well-known Word word processor Word, also provides the Access database system and PowerPoint electronic presentations.

3 The database system involves a lot of preparatory work in drawing up a lesson, but in the end you can get an effective and universal system of training and knowledge testing.

four . Text editor Word allows you to prepare handouts and didactic material.

five . Electronic presentations enable the teacher with minimal preparation and a small amount of time to prepare visibility for the lesson. PowerPoint lessons are spectacular and effective in working on information.

Benefits of a multimedia presentation:

it allows to reduce the unproductive costs of the teacher's living labor, which in this case turns into a technologist of the modern educational process, in which the leading role is given not so much and not only to the teaching activity of the teacher, but to the teaching of the students themselves

gives students ample opportunity to freely choose their own learning trajectory in the process of school education, hence the role of the student changes, which instead of a passive listener becomes a self-governing person, able to use the media available to him

increases the efficiency and objectivity of monitoring and evaluating learning outcomes

guarantees uninterrupted communication in a teacher-student relationship

contributes to the individualization of learning activities (differentiation of the pace of learning, the difficulty of learning tasks, etc.)

increases exercise motivation

contributes to the development of students' productive, creative functions of thinking, the growth of intellectual abilities, the formation of the operational style of thinking. The presentation allows you to increase the success of classes using demonstration tools.

contributes to increasing motivation and cognitive activity due to the variety of forms of work, the possibility of including the game moment: decide the right examples - open the picture, insert all the letters correctly - move closer to the goal of the fairytale hero. The computer gives the teacher new opportunities, allowing, together with the student, to enjoy the exciting process of knowledge, not only by the power of imagination pushing the walls of the school room, but with the help of the latest technology allows you to plunge into the bright colorful world. Such an activity causes an emotional lift in children.

For the teacher:

the screen image allows you to give a visual row and not lose time, distracted by legible writing of the text on the board;

as new materials appear, not the whole course is adjusted, but specific slides on specific topics;

microsoft PowerPoint doesn’t have to be an artist to create video materials; design templates provide high quality results

Classification of multimedia presentations

Classification of presentations by interactivity:

Linear presentation

Presentation slides follow each other in sequence.

The user is passive, his participation in the management of the presentation is insignificant.

The user's attention is focused on the viewable slide, the content of the viewed slide is quickly forgotten.

User requirements for the quality of information consumed are low.

Script presentations

They are the perfect means of presenting information for a classroom.

The material in such a presentation is usually well organized, it can be rehearsed in advance to ensure a flawless presentation.

The presentation, during which the teacher supervises the presentation of the material, is an ideal way to organize the process of presenting information in the classroom at school.

This technique can be applied in any field of study.

Training presentations

Training presentations are designed to help the teacher and the student and allow you to conveniently and visually present the material.

The use of even the simplest graphic tools is extremely effective.

Self-fulfilling

Finished information products.

You can address a self-fulfilling presentation to an audience, if you place it on a website, a diskette, a compact disc or a video tape and use it for self-study by a schoolchild during a lesson or at home.

Interactive Presentation

In such presentations, the opportunity is realized to choose both the way of studying the educational material and the degree of detail of the presentation of the material, allow to adapt the information and provide an individual approach to each student.

With the help of interactive presentations, it is convenient to implement individual "tours" of educational material, which allow the user to familiarize themselves with information about the subject.

Presentation slides are shown depending on user actions.

The user is active and largely controls the course of the presentation.

The user keeps in memory a significant part of the presentation, considering each slide as a continuation of the previous ones.

User requirements for the quality of information consumed are high - he expects an adequate response to the choice made

І.4. Health care for children when working with an interactive whiteboard and computer.

Today, an increasing number of schools are equipped with interactive whiteboards. The attitude of subject teachers to them is rather contradictory: someone considers the use of the latest achievements of educational technologies to be the only right decision, someone prefers to remain faithful to traditional teaching methods.

In practice, interactive whiteboards are much more efficient than traditional school boards or projectors. Due to the fact that the material is delivered online, the communicative interaction with students is significantly improved, which allows for faster and more efficient communication of information to them. Accordingly, the quality of education is improving.

However, the use of interactive whiteboards must be combined with the use of traditional visual material, which will allow to periodically switch the attention of students. The fact is that the child’s vision is extremely sensitive to the increased loads that inevitably arise when working with such a board. To reduce the load on the eyes, you should carefully consider the choice of educational material. For example, it is unacceptable to use too small a font and overload the working field with foreign elements. The color design should also be chosen correctly, i.e. the font should be as contrasted as possible with the background, and the number of bright elements on the screen should be minimal.

When a student is working directly with an interactive whiteboard, the teacher should carefully ensure that the child does not accidentally turn his face toward the projector, since its excessively bright light damages the retina.

In general, the use of interactive whiteboards in school is completely justified, since they improve the perception of educational material, allow for close contact between the teacher and the class, and also contribute to the solidification of the knowledge gained. However, this method of teaching requires a more prudent attitude of the teacher to the health of the students.

Speaking about the use of computers by children, the question arises about the preservation of health and vision. The question of "sitting" at the computer is relevant. It is reasonable to make restrictions on classes with a PC in time - 10-15 minutes. A normally developing child at this age should move 70-80% of the waking time!

The role of information in modern society

The development of human society requires material, instrumental, energy and other resources, including informational. The present time is characterized by an unprecedented increase in the volume of information flows. This applies to almost any field of human activity. The largest increase in the volume of information is observed in industry, trade, financial and banking and educational spheres. For example, in industry, the growth of information is due to an increase in production, the complexity of products, materials used, technological equipment, the expansion of external and internal relations of economic entities as a result of concentration and specialization of production.

Information is one of the main decisive factors that determines the development of technology and resources in general. In this regard, it is very important to understand not only the relationship between the development of the information industry, computerization, information technology and the informatization process, but also to determine the level and extent of the influence of the informatization process on management and human intellectual activity.

The problems of information in general and management as an information process receives a lot of attention due to the following objective processes:

Humanity is experiencing an information explosion. The growth of information circulating and stored in society has come into conflict with the individual abilities of a person to assimilate it;

The development of mass - communication processes;

The need to develop a general theory of information;

The development of cybernetics as a management science;

The penetration of information technology in the sphere of social life;

Research in the natural sciences confirms the role of information in the processes of self-organization of animate and inanimate nature;

The actualization of the problem of sustainable development, the formation of the information economy, the main driving force of which is the information potential, information resources;

The problem of the prospects for the development of humanity as an integrity makes it necessary to raise the question of the criteria for progress in modern conditions.

An important place in the understanding of such concepts as "information" and the mechanism of information processes in society and its institutions is occupied by the concept of the information environment, which is, on the one hand, a conductor, transformer and disseminator of information, and on the other, a source of motivations for people. In the course of his activity, a person actively interacts with the information environment, obtaining new personal knowledge from it, generating new knowledge and presenting it in the form of information, which it places in the information environment. Any business entity is characterized by a certain information environment in which it is immersed. This information environment reflects the level of development of the business entity and determines certain principles of informational behavior of people in communication with each other.

It should also be noted that the exceptional role of information in modern scientific and technical progress has led to the understanding of information as a resource as necessary and important as energy, raw materials, financial and other resources. Information has become the subject of sale, i.e. information product, which along with the information constituting the public domain, forms the information resource of society.

As a commodity, information cannot be alienated like material products. Its sale has a conditional value. Turning to the buyer, it remains with the seller. It does not disappear in the process of consumption.

The formation and development of the information sector, the movement of many types of information as a commodity influenced the formation of a special market - the information market.

Currently, the dissemination of information in the information sector of the economy is not possible to imagine without the use of new information technologies. The time has already passed when new information technologies were developed mainly for the internal needs of an organization. Now information technologies have become an independent and fairly profitable type of business, which is aimed at meeting the diverse information needs of a wide range of users.

The use of modern information technologies provides an almost instant connection to any electronic information files (such as databases, electronic reference books and encyclopedias, various operational reports, analytical reviews, legislative and regulatory acts, etc.) coming from international, regional and national information systems and their use in the interests of successful business.

As a result of combining various information networks, it became possible to create a global Internet information system that allows to conduct information services on the principle "always and everywhere: 365/366 days, 24 hours a day, anywhere in the world."

Due to the rapid development of the latest information technologies, now not only there is open access to the global flow of political, financial, scientific and technical information, but it has become a real opportunity to build a global business on the Internet.

Information processes in nature, society, technology.

Information activity of the person.

In the modern world, the role of computer science, means of processing, transmission, accumulation of information has increased immeasurably. Means of computer science and computing technology now largely determine the scientific and technical potential of the country, the level of development of its national economy, lifestyle and human activities.

For the purposeful use of information it is necessary to collect, transform, transmit, accumulate and systematize. All these processes associated with certain operations on information will be called information processes. Receiving and transforming information is a prerequisite for the vital activity of any organism. Even the simplest unicellular organisms constantly perceive and use information, such as the temperature and chemical composition of the medium, to select the most favorable conditions of existence. Living beings can not only perceive information from the environment through the senses, but also exchange it among themselves.

A person also perceives information through the senses, and languages ​​are used to exchange information between people. During the development of human society such languages ​​have arisen very much. First of all, these are native languages ​​(Russian, Tatar, English, etc.) ”spoken by numerous nations of the world. The role of language for humanity is exceptionally great. Without it, without the exchange of information between people, the emergence and development of society would be impossible.

Information processes are characteristic not only for wildlife, man, society. Humanity has created technical devices - automata, whose work is also associated with the processes of receiving, transmitting and storing information. For example, an automatic device, called a thermostat, perceives information about the room temperature and, depending on the temperature set by a person, turns on or off heating devices.

Human activities associated with the processes of receiving, transforming, accumulating and transmitting information are called information activities.

For thousands of years the objects of labor of people were material objects. All tools from the stone ax to the first steam engine, electric motor or lathe were associated with the processing of the substance, the use and conversion of energy. At the same time, mankind had to solve management tasks, tasks of accumulation, processing and transmission of information, experience, knowledge, there are groups of people whose profession is connected exclusively with information activity. In ancient times these were, for example, military leaders, priests, chroniclers, then scientists, etc.

However, the number of people who could use information from written sources was negligible. Firstly, literacy was the privilege of an extremely limited circle of people, and secondly, ancient manuscripts were created in single (sometimes single) copies.

A new era in the development of information sharing was the invention of printing. Thanks to the printing press created by I. Gutenberg in 1440, the knowledge and information became widely replicable and accessible to many people. This served as a powerful incentive for increasing the literacy of the population, the development of education, science and industry.

As society developed, the circle of people whose professional activity was associated with the processing and accumulation of information constantly expanded. The volume of human knowledge, experience, and with it the number of books, manuscripts, and other written documents, has constantly grown. There is a need to create special repositories of these documents - libraries, archives. The information contained in books and other documents, it was necessary not only to store, but to organize, organize. Thus, library classifiers, subject and alphabetical catalogs and other means of systematizing books and documents arose, the profession of a librarian and an archivist appeared.

As a result of scientific and technological progress, mankind created all new means and methods of collecting, storing and transmitting information. But the most important in information processes - processing, purposeful transformation of information was carried out until recently exclusively by man.

However, the continuous improvement of technology, production led to a sharp increase in the amount of information with which a person has to operate in the process of his professional activity.

The development of science, education has led to a rapid growth in the amount of information and human knowledge. If at the beginning of the last century, the total amount of human knowledge doubled approximately every fifty years, then in subsequent years - every five years.

The way out of this situation was the creation of computers, which many times accelerated and automated the process of information processing.

The first electronic computer "ENIAC" was developed in the USA in 1946. In our country, the first computer was created in 1951 under the leadership of Academician V. A. Lebedev.

Currently, computers are used to process not only numeric, but also other types of information. Thanks to this, computer science and computing have firmly entered the life of modern man, are widely used in manufacturing, design work, business, and many other industries.

Computers in production are used at all stages: from the construction of individual parts of the product, its design to assembly and sale. The automated production system (CAD) allows you to create drawings, immediately getting a general view of the object, to manage the machine for the manufacture of parts. The flexible production system (FMS) allows you to quickly respond to changes in the market situation, quickly expand or collapse the production of the product or replace it with another. The ease of transferring the conveyor to the release of new products makes it possible to produce many different models of the product. Computers allow you to quickly process information from various sensors, including from automated protection, from temperature sensors to regulate energy consumption for heating, from ATMs registering money flow by customers, from a complex tomograph system that allows you to "see" the internal structure of human organs and correctly put diagnosis.

The computer is on the desktop of a specialist of any profession. It allows you to contact by special computer mail from anywhere in the world, connect to the collections of large libraries without leaving your home, use powerful information systems such as encyclopedias, study new sciences and acquire various skills with the help of training programs and simulators. He helps the designer to develop patterns, to the publisher to compose text and illustrations, to the artist to create new pictures, and to the composer - to music. An expensive experiment can be fully calculated and simulated on a computer.

The development of methods and methods for presenting information, technology for solving problems using computers has become an important aspect of the activities of people in many professions.

The concept of the movement of Russia in the information society

1. Introduction: Forming a Global Information Society - time challenge

In the last decade, Russia has been carrying out several fundamental transitions - the transition from a totalitarian to an open democratic society, from a state-planned economy to a market economy, from an industrial society to an information one. The attention of the Russian press, politicians and the public focused mainly on the first two transitions, which caused dramatic changes in the country and significantly changed the conditions of life and economic activity. Political documents of different levels practically do not deal with issues of transition to the information society. At the same time, this transition, which is being made today by other countries, significantly affects the civilizational foundations of the life of all mankind and poses an equally serious challenge to the individual, corporation and the state in terms of adaptation and the development of an adequate strategy of behavior. In the opinion of the well-known Spanish-American sociologist M. Castells, the transition to the information society is decisive for Russia - it cannot be postponed until the remaining transitions are completed. Moreover, without its successful implementation, it is impossible to solve the main tasks of the Russian reforms - joining the community of economically developed democratic states as a full participant. The objective of the proposed document is to formulate the conceptual foundations of the strategy of the movement of Russia into the information society.

1.1.The essence of the information society

Four internally related fundamental features of the emerging information society can be distinguished:

1. 1. The changing role of information and knowledge in society, expressed primarily in the unprecedented increase in the information richness of economic, managerial and other fields of activity, in turning information and knowledge into the most important resource of socio-economic development.
2. 2. The transformation of the information industry in the most dynamic, profitable and prestigious sphere of production, which ensures the leading role of individual countries and cities in the global economy.
3. 3. The emergence of a developed market infrastructure for the consumption of information and information services and, in particular, the widespread introduction of ICT in various spheres of life, not only professional but also domestic.
4. 4. Profound changes in the models of social organization and cooperation, when in all spheres of society the centralized hierarchical structures are replaced with flexible network types of organization adapted to rapid changes and innovative development.

The key trend is the consistent increase in the role of information and knowledge in modern society. Information and knowledge are becoming an increasingly important factor of production, the driving force of economic development and the prosperity of society. Based on this particular feature of modern society, many researchers call it “informational” (Y. Masuda, D. Bell, O. Toffler) or “knowledge society” (P. Drecker), or a society based on “information economy” or "knowledge economy" (M. Porat). In the information society, economic success increasingly depends on the availability and effectiveness of a national, regional, local or corporate innovation system (M. Porter) and an established system of continuous education.

Several factors cause the changes:

• · The close connection between science and technical developments, finally formed around the middle of the twentieth century, which led to a sharp increase in the dynamics of production and the emergence of high technologies.
• · Globalization of all changes occurring in society, when events that are geographically very distant from each other, are links of one chain, thereby losing its seemingly local nature.
• · The enormous complication of the entire economic, political, military activity of mankind and the formation of complex systems here, which highlighted the problems of management and its information support, giving rise not only to such areas of knowledge as cybernetics, systems analysis, operations research, but also a new world view, the framework of which the world is perceived through the prism of information processes.
• · The development of new information and communication technologies, the widespread introduction of which in all areas of human life has led to their serious restructuring and the emergence of such new forms of social and economic activity as e-commerce, telework, distance education, telemedicine and e-democracy.

For the first time, the idea of ​​the information society was formulated in a rather distinct form in the late 60s - early 70s of our century. The invention of the term "information society" is attributed to the professor at the Tokyo Institute of Technology Y. Hayashi. In the 70s, the convergence of two almost simultaneously emerging ideologies began - the information society and post-industrialism. Today, many scientists, following the well-known sociologists and philosophers D. Bell and O. Toffler, believe that human civilization, after the agrarian and industrial stage of development, enters a new - informational one. According to Bella, “information society” is a new name for a post-industrial society, emphasizing not its position in the sequence of stages of social development (after industrial society), but the basis for determining its social structure.

Until now, despite the widespread use of the term "information society", scientists and specialists have not yet come to a common understanding of its main content. There are a number of definitions that bring to the fore some of the real features and trends of modern society.

For example, there is an obvious tendency to increase the share of people involved in information processing in the structure of employment in developed countries. According to S. Barley’s calculations, by the beginning of the 21st century, the share of Americans, whose work is mainly related to physical labor in the sphere of production or services (agricultural workers, artisans, mechanics, hotel workers, retailers, hairdressers, etc.) will decrease from 83% in 1900 to about 41%. The share of those who work mainly with information will increase from 17% to 59%. Similar changes are occurring in other countries. That is why one of the most common definitions of the information society is: information is a society in which information processing employs more people than the processing of raw materials and materials.

From the point of view of the American economist T. Stewart, the information age began in 1991, when for the first time American companies spent more on the acquisition of information technology necessary for manipulating information (computers and telecommunications equipment) than on industrial equipment intended for various kinds of actions with material objects (engines, turbines, machines and mechanisms, cars, etc.).

The focus of many works is the rapid development of information and communication technologies and their increasing use in all spheres of economic and social life. ICT has significantly changed in recent years the way we learn, work, engage in social activities and have a rest. Moreover, digital technologies actively penetrate traditional technologies, changing their possibilities and spheres of use. All this makes it possible to speak of a computer, telecommunication or microelectronic revolution (D.Ye. Saychel, T. Forester) and consider the information society an information technology society.

The restructuring of the global economy, which began in the mid-1970s, led to a change in the dominant form of the organizational structure of the enterprise and inter-firm cooperation. The goal of organizational change was to adapt to dramatically increased rates of change in the economic, institutional, and technological environment of firms. The general direction of change is the transition from vertical hierarchical structures to flexible network forms of an organization, with the networks becoming the basis for both the internal organization of a modern corporation and its interaction with partners (inter-company networks, corporate strategic alliances, etc.). Similar organizational changes are occurring in the service industry, administrative bodies and other areas of activity. The development of ICT has stimulated the changes that have taken place, has revealed all the advantages of a new form of social organization, although organizational changes have arisen and developed initially regardless of technological development. For its part, the development of telecommunications infrastructure, and, above all, the Internet, has led to the fact that more and more transactions in the modern economy and society are performed using computer networks. The Internet is becoming a global medium of communication, work and leisure. The global income from e-commerce is growing rapidly, which in 2000 amounted to USD 185 billion, in 2001 it is projected to increase to 336.2 billion, in 2002 to 684.3 billion, and in 2003 reached 1.26 trillion. USD. These trends allow many specialists to speak of the information society as a "network society", and define the modern economy as a "network".

For the past 20 years, the "information society" has been at the center of attention of many political documents of a regional, national, and international level. In a political context, the information society is regarded as a political goal and is defined through its capabilities and advantages.

Established in May 1995 to analyze the social aspects of the information society, the expert group of the Commission of the European Communities, which included leading experts from almost all countries of the European Union, defined the information society as a global society in which information exchange will have neither temporal nor spatial no political boundaries; which, on the one hand, contributes to the interpenetration of cultures, and on the other, it gives each community new opportunities for self-identification and development of its own unique culture. In addition, this is a knowledge society, in which the main condition for the well-being of every person and every state is the knowledge gained through unhindered access to information and the ability to work with it. The knowledge society is evolving into a society of wisdom, where, with the help of scientific data and information processing, scientific support for knowledge, well-thought-out and informed decisions will be made.

1.2. Opportunities and risks of the information society

In the last decade, high expectations have been associated with the emerging information society. It is believed that the information society has enormous potential for improving the quality of life of the entire human community and each person individually, dramatically expanding opportunities for small and medium-sized businesses, for optimal use of local conditions and resources, for the development of complex services and education. The development of the information society forms the prerequisites for a significant increase in production efficiency, for saving natural resources and protecting the environment, for the transition to sustainable development.

For the first time in the history of our planet, the emergence of global information networks and systems opens up the possibility of literally connecting everyone with everyone, providing access to the information resources of human civilization to any inhabitant of the Earth, combining today's knowledge and spiritual values, and thus significantly expanding the boundaries of application of the achievements of culture, science and technology.

Today, there is a clear link between education, training and development, therefore the key factor for any industry, organization or company becomes effective access to education and lifelong learning. In many countries, the reality is the deployment of a mass system of quality education at a distance and education, not limited to age limits, a system of continuous training.

Another opportunity provided by the information society is the qualitative improvement of the health care system. New ICTs make preventive information widely available, create the basis for any patient, wherever he lives, regular medical consultations. They turn “telemedicine” into reality, relying on national and global information resources.

In the information society, “teleworking” is becoming commonplace, which is able to fundamentally solve the employment problem, including for people with disabilities, which can help solve one of the most complex social problems. In addition, hopes for solving such acute problems of large cities as overloading the transport system and air pollution with exhaust gases are associated with the mass spread of telework.

Information becomes a real social resource - in fact, only it can actually help a person to adapt to life in conditions of uncertainty, adapt to constant changes, develop new behavioral stereotypes corresponding to new circumstances. For a person of the information age, the unity of the world is no longer a theoretical or ideological abstraction, but a fact of his daily life. “Compressing space”, the information society dramatically expands a person’s ability to choose where and under what conditions to work, from whom and at what prices to buy certain goods and services, makes sellers more dependent on consumers, significantly complicates life for monopolists, unscrupulous employers and manufacturers .

The use of satellites, "live" radio and television to transmit information has a massive impact on the formation of public opinion around the world. The emergence and improvement of multimedia, video conferencing and artificial intelligence greatly expand the possibilities of transmitting information, and thus spreading knowledge and sharing it.

The most important feature of the information society is the shift of emphasis in production from the use of materials to the production of information and the provision of services, which entails a significant reduction in the extraction and processing of raw materials and energy consumption. The predominant development of the "tertiary" sector of the economy - the provision of services - leads to a significant change in the share of economic sectors in the formation of the gross national product. In a number of European countries, more than half of the turnover in the information industry accounts for the creation of information products and technologies, and only 45% for the production of equipment; in the communications industry, the gap is even more radical: 80% is telecommunications services and only 20% is the production of communications.

Being aware of all the advantages of the information society, one cannot, however, not admit that it brings not only new solutions and opportunities, but also new problems and risks.

One of the objective processes that the modern world is forced to reckon with is globalization generated by the explosive development of ICT, the creation of planetary networks, the triumph of a market economy, the liberalization of international trade, and the development of transport. Anyway, all this leads to the erosion of national and political boundaries and to the acceleration of the pace of industrialization and unification of cultures - partly due to the formation of global conglomerates in the field of information, telecommunications and leisure.

Globalization forces entrepreneurs to enter into tough competition, as a result of which the really strong ones survive, who then gain greater real power, begin to scour the new players off the market and not at all let the weak ones approach it.

Under the conditions of intensive use of global networks, new forms of cultural aggression appear on the part of the most developed countries towards less developed ones, there is a danger that entire communities will lose their cultural and national identity, including linguistic identity, consumer behavior and tastes are imposed on humanity in the interests of a narrow group of transnational companies. manufacturers.

The main danger lies in the fact that the increasing globalization of production and the mobility of global corporations may adversely affect the policy of environmental protection, as well as the right to work and social protection - and on a worldwide scale. The real alarm is the reduction of jobs in companies related to the production of ICT in the most developed countries.

The increasing prevalence of “screen” culture, the inevitability of a collision with virtual reality, in which illusion and reality are difficult to distinguish, create some psychological (and even mental) problems. As the volume of information increases, it becomes more difficult for people to navigate its content, to protect themselves from its excess.

Under the conditions of the existence of open, easily accessible and easily populated information networks, there is the problem of restricting information, which is considered socially and economically dangerous, the problem of security of personal and other types of data, the problem of respecting copyright and the rights of producers of electronic information.

The development and widespread use of ICT has led to another dimension of poverty, the so-called “information poverty”. This concept reflects the growth of social differentiation of the population according to a new principle - the principle of access to modern ICT, when only a part of the population gets access to new technologies and information resources and can realize this advantage.

Due to the acceleration of the process of technological innovation, the involvement of industrial capital and competition, new network technology and infrastructure are becoming much cheaper, and therefore more accessible to more and more people. As for access to information disseminated through them, this remains one of the most difficult problems. The cost of information services can be for many years a factor that will widen the gap between those who can and who cannot afford to receive and disseminate information.

Questions that have not yet received an answer are the following:

• What is the role of infrastructure owners, software producers, authors, publishers, governments and international organizations in the wide dissemination of information in those segments of the population or in countries where access to information resources is insufficient?
• How to achieve a balance between cheap or free information disseminated to a wide range of users by governments and international organizations, and intellectual-intensive information products that provide effective access to knowledge and effective decision-making?

The solution of these and other problems of the formation of the information society requires serious efforts of specialists of various profiles. At the same time, it is necessary to take into account that the methods of counteracting all the listed and other hazards of the information age are not in the area of ​​fencing off the global information society, but in the development of their own full participation in its formation.

1.3. The need to develop movement programs

to the information society

Like any other, the information society is imperfect, and ICT is neutral - the consequences of their application are entirely dependent on values ​​and political decisions. Implementing the capabilities of the information society is a matter of adequate policies and timely management decisions.

The significance of the changes taking place today is well recognized by the leading countries of the world. They make strategic investments in the development of ICT, information infrastructure, building up information resources, and studying the economic and social features of the information society. For more than 20 years, the “information society” has been the subject of software development at the national, international and regional levels, the main purpose of which is to ensure maximum benefit from the transition to the information society and to counter risks and negative consequences. In developed countries, third-generation documents have already been adopted, summing up interim results and setting new goals. The most serious importance is attached to these problems in the G7 countries, to which Russia joined in its time.

Despite the great experience of solving information issues, Russia has been delayed in developing modern programs that take into account the problems of the information society.

Okinawa Charter on the Global Information Society

1. 1.Information and communication technology (IT) is one of the most important factors influencing the formation of a society of the twenty-first century. Their revolutionary impact relates to people's way of life, their education and work, and the interaction of government and civil society. IT is rapidly becoming a vital stimulus to the development of the global economy. They also enable all individuals, businesses and business communities to more effectively and creatively solve economic and social problems. We all have tremendous opportunities.
2. 2. The essence of IT-driven economic and social transformation lies in its ability to help people and society use knowledge and ideas. The Information Society, as we represent it, allows people to make wider use of their potential and realize their aspirations. To this end, we must ensure that IT serves to achieve the mutually supportive goals of ensuring sustainable economic growth, increasing public welfare, promoting social harmony and full realization of their potential in the areas of democracy, transparent and responsible governance of international peace and stability. Achieving these goals and resolving emerging issues will require the development of effective national and international strategies.
3. 3. In striving to achieve these goals, we reaffirm our commitment to the principle of participation in this process: all people everywhere, without exception, should be able to take advantage of the global information society. The sustainability of the global information society is based on democratic values ​​that stimulate human development, such as the free exchange of information and knowledge, mutual tolerance and respect for the characteristics of other people.
4. 4. We will lead the way in promoting government efforts to strengthen relevant policies and regulatory frameworks that stimulate competition and innovation, ensure economic and financial stability, promote cooperation to optimize global networks, combat abuse, undermine network integrity, reduce the digital divide. technology, investing in people and ensuring global access and participation in the process.
5. 5. This Charter is primarily a call for all, both in the public and private sectors, to bridge the international gap in information knowledge. A solid basis of IT policy and action can change the way we work together to promote social and economic progress around the world. Effective partnership among the participants, including joint political cooperation, is also a key element of the rational development of the information society.

Using the power of digital technology

1. 6.Potential advantages of IT, stimulating competition, promoting production expansion, creating and supporting economic growth and employment, have significant prospects. Our task is not only to stimulate and facilitate the transition to an information society, but also to realize its full economic, social and cultural advantages. To achieve these goals, it is important to build work on the following key areas:

• economic and structural reforms to create an environment of openness, efficiency, competition and the use of innovations, complemented by measures to adapt to labor markets, develop human resources and ensure social cohesion;
• rational macroeconomic management, facilitating more accurate planning from the business community and consumers, and taking advantage of new information technologies;
• · Development of information networks providing fast, reliable, secure and economical access through competitive market conditions and corresponding innovations to network technologies, their maintenance and use;
• developing human resources capable of meeting the demands of the information age through education and lifelong learning and meeting the growing demand for IT professionals in many sectors of our economy;
• active use of IT in the public sector and the promotion of the provision of real-time services necessary to increase the availability of power for all citizens.

1. 7. The private sector plays a vital role in the development of information and communication networks in the information society. However, the task of creating a predictable, transparent and non-discriminatory policy and regulatory framework for the information society lies with governments. We need to ensure that the rules of procedure relating to IT comply with the fundamental changes in economic transactions, taking into account the principles of an effective partnership between the public and private sector, as well as transparency and technological neutrality. Such rules should be predictable and help strengthen business and consumer confidence. In order to maximize the social and economic benefits of the information society, we agree with the following basic principles and approaches and recommend them:

Continuing to promote competition and open up markets for information technology and telecommunications products and services, including non-discriminatory and cost-based connectivity to mainstream telecommunications;

Protecting the intellectual property rights of information technology is important for promoting IT-related innovations, promoting competition and widespread adoption of new technologies; We welcome the joint work of representatives of the authorities on the protection of intellectual property and instruct our experts to discuss further areas of work in this area;

It is also important to reaffirm the commitment of governments to use only licensed software;

A number of services, including telecommunications, transportation, parcel delivery, are important for the information society and economies; increasing their efficiency and competitiveness will expand the benefits of the information society; customs and forwarding procedures are also important for the development of information structures;

Developing cross-border e-commerce by promoting further liberalization, improving networks and related services and procedures in the context of a rigid framework of the World Trade Organization (WTO), continuing to work in the field of e-commerce in the WTO and in other international forums and applying existing WTO e-commerce trade rules;

Consistent approaches to the taxation of e-commerce, based on conventional principles, including non-discrimination, equality, simplification and other key elements agreed in the context of the work of the Organization for Economic Cooperation and Development (OECD);

Continuation of the practice of exempting electronic transfers from customs duties until it is reviewed again at the next WTO Ministerial Conference;

Promotion of market standards, including, for example, technical interoperability standards;

Increasing consumer confidence in electronic markets in accordance with the OECD guidelines, including through effective self-regulatory initiatives, such as codes of conduct, labeling and other reliability validation programs, and exploring options for resolving the difficulties that consumers experience in cross-border disputes, including the use of alternative dispute resolution mechanisms;

The development of an effective and meaningful mechanism to protect consumer privacy, as well as privacy protection in the processing of personal data, while ensuring the free flow of information, as well as;

Further development and effective functioning of electronic identification, electronic signature, cryptography and other means of ensuring the security and reliability of operations.

1. 8. The efforts of the international community to develop a global information society should be accompanied by concerted action to create a safe and crime-free cyberspace. We must ensure the implementation of effective measures - as stated in the OECD Information Systems Security Guidelines - in the fight against computer crime. Cooperation of the G8 countries in the framework of the Lyon Group on Transnational Organized Crime will be expanded. We will further promote the establishment of a dialogue with industry representatives, thus developing the success achieved at the recent G8 Paris Conference "Dialogue between government and industry on security and trust in cyberspace." It is also necessary to find effective political solutions to current problems, such as unauthorized access attempts and computer viruses. We will continue to involve industry representatives and other intermediaries to protect important information infrastructures.

Bridging the digital divide

1. 9. The issue of bridging the digital divide within and between states has occupied an important place in our national discussions. Everyone should be able to access information and communication networks. We reaffirm our commitment to the ongoing efforts to develop and implement a coherent strategy to address this issue. We also welcome the fact that both industry and civil society are increasingly inclined to recognize the need to bridge this gap. Mobilizing our knowledge and resources in this area is a prerequisite for resolving this problem. We will continue to strive for effective cooperation between governments and civil society responsive to the high rates of technology and market development.
2. 10. A key component of our strategy should be a continuous movement towards universal access for all. We will continue:

• to promote the establishment of favorable market conditions necessary for the provision of communications services to the public;
• seek additional opportunities, including access through institutions open to the general public;
• give priority to improving network access, especially in backward urban, rural and remote areas;
• pay special attention to the needs and opportunities of people with lower social protection, people with disabilities, as well as senior citizens, and actively implement measures aimed at providing them with easier access;
• · To promote the further development of “user-friendly”, “unhindered” technologies, including mobile access to the Internet, as well as greater use of free, publicly available content and open to all users of software, while respecting intellectual property rights.

1. 11. The strategy of the development of the information society should be accompanied by the development of human resources, the capabilities of which would meet the requirements of the information age. We are committed to providing all citizens with the opportunity to learn and gain IT skills through education, lifelong education and training. We will continue to strive for the implementation of this ambitious goal, providing schools, classes and libraries with computer equipment capable of working in real time, as well as sending teachers who have the skills to work with IT and multimedia. In addition, we will implement measures to support and stimulate small and medium-sized enterprises, as well as self-employed people, giving them the opportunity to connect to the Internet and use it effectively. We will also encourage the use of IT to provide citizens with lifelong learning opportunities using advanced techniques, especially for those categories of citizens who otherwise would not have access to education and training.

Promoting universal participation

1. 12. IT opens up great opportunities for developing countries. Countries that have managed to channel their potential back on track can hope to overcome the obstacles that traditionally arise in the development of infrastructure, more effectively address their pressing development challenges, such as poverty reduction, health care, improved sanitation and education, and the use of benefits of the rapid growth of global e-commerce. Some developing countries have already achieved significant success in these areas.
2. 13. Nevertheless, one should not underestimate the global problem of overcoming the existing differences in information and knowledge. We pay tribute to the attention paid to this problem by many developing countries. In fact, all those developing countries that fail to keep pace with higher IT development rates are deprived of the opportunity to fully participate in the information society and the economy. This issue is particularly acute in those countries where the spread of IT is hampered by a lag in the development of basic economic and social infrastructures, in particular the energy sector, telecommunications and education.
3. 14. We recognize that in addressing this problem, the diversity of conditions and needs that has developed in developing countries should be taken into account. There can be no "equalizing" solution. And this, in turn, speaks of the important role that developing countries should play in launching their own initiatives to adopt consistent national programs to implement policy measures aimed at supporting the development of IT and competition in this area, as well as creating a regulatory framework, using IT in the interests of addressing developmental and social issues, developing human resources with IT skills, also aiming at encouraging local initiatives and local entrepreneurship of

Further development

1. 15. Efforts to overcome international disunity depend critically on effective cooperation between all participants. In order to create a framework for IT development, bilateral and multilateral cooperation will continue to play an important role. International financial institutions, including multilateral development banks (IDB), especially the World Bank, are very suitable for this purpose and can design and implement programs that will promote growth and combat poverty, as well as expand connections, access and training. The International Telecommunications Network, UNCTAD and UNDP and other relevant international funds can also play an important role. Central to this is the role of the private sector in promoting IT in developing countries. It can also significantly contribute to international efforts to bridge the digital divide. NGOs with unique opportunities to convey ideas to the public can also contribute to the development of human and public resources. IT is global in its essence and requires a global approach.
2. 16. We welcome the efforts already under way to bridge the international digital divide through bilateral development assistance and through international organizations and private groups. We also welcome the contribution of the private sector in the face of organizations such as the Global Initiative to close the digital divide of the World Economic Forum (WEF) and the Global Business Dialogue on Electronic Commerce (GDB), as well as the global forum.
3. 17. As noted in the declaration on the role of information technologies in the context of a knowledge-based global economy, which was adopted by the United Nations Economic and Social Council (ECOSOC) at the ministerial level, there is a need for increased international dialogue and cooperation in order to increase the effectiveness of information security programs and projects. technology together with developing countries and bringing together “best practices” as well as mobilizing the resources of all participants in order to help eliminate electronic digital divide. The G8 will further strengthen the partnership between developed and developing countries, civil society, including local firms and NGOs, foundations and educational institutions, as well as international organizations. We will also work to ensure that developing countries, in partnership with other participants, can receive financial, technical and political support in order to create a favorable climate for the use of information technologies.
4. 18. We agreed to establish a Group on Information Technology Opportunities (DOT Group) in order to combine our efforts in order to develop a broad international approach. The DOT team will be convened as soon as possible to explore the best opportunities for all participants to join the work. This high-level group, in close consultation with other partners and perceiving the needs of developing countries, will:

• actively promote dialogue with developing countries, international organizations and other participants to promote international cooperation in order to build political, regulatory and network support, as well as improve technical interoperability, increase access, reduce costs, strengthen human potential, and encourage participation in global electronic networks trade;
• encourage the G8’s own efforts to cooperate in the implementation of pilot IT programs and projects;
• · To promote a closer political dialogue between partners and work to ensure that the world community is more aware of the challenges and opportunities it faces;
• examine the contribution of the private sector and other interest groups, such as the Global Digital Divide Initiative;
• submit a report on the results of our personal representatives to the next meeting in Genoa.

1. 19To accomplish these tasks, the group will look for ways to take concrete action in the priority areas listed below:

• formation of political, regulatory and network support:

Supporting political advice and strengthening local capacities in order to promote competitive, flexible and socially sensitive policies, as well as regulatory support;

Facilitating the exchange of experiences between developing countries and other partners;

Promoting the more efficient and widespread use of IT in development, including such broad areas as poverty reduction, education, health care and culture;

Improving the management system, including exploring new methods for integrated policy development;

Supporting the efforts of the MDBs and other international organizations in order to pool intellectual and financial resources in the context of cooperation programs, such as the "InfoDev" program;

• improving technical compatibility, expanding access and reducing costs:

Resource mobilization to improve the information and communication infrastructure, with a special focus on the “partnership” approach from governments, international organizations, the private sector and NGOs;

Finding ways to reduce costs for developing countries in ensuring technical compatibility;

Support for access programs at the local level;

Encourage technology research and application development to meet the specific needs of developing countries;

Improving interoperability between networks, services, and application systems;

Encourage the production of modern informational content, including the expansion of information in native languages.

• human capacity building:

Focusing on basic education, as well as expanding lifelong learning opportunities with a focus on developing IT skills;

Assistance in training specialists in the field of IT and other relevant areas, as well as in the regulatory field;

Developing innovative approaches to expand traditional technical assistance, including remote education and training at the local level;

Creating a network of government agencies and institutions, including schools, research centers and universities.

• encouraging participation in global e-commerce networks:

Evaluate and expand opportunities for using e-commerce by advising on starting a business in developing countries, as well as by mobilizing resources to help entrepreneurs use IT to increase their efficiency and expand access to new markets;

Ensuring that emerging “rules of the game” arise in development efforts and strengthening the ability of developing countries to play a constructive role in defining these rules.

The history of the concept

Main ideas

Russia

Belorussia

CIS countries

Information technologies - processes, methods of searching, collecting, storing, processing, providing, disseminating information and ways of implementing such processes and methods;

techniques, methods and methods of application of computer equipment when performing the functions of collecting, storing, processing, transmitting and using data (GOST 34.003-90);

the resources necessary for the collection, processing, storage and dissemination of information (ISO / IEC 38500: 2008).

Discipline Information Technology

In a broad sense, IT covers all areas of creation, transmission, storage and perception of information and not only computer technology. At the same time, IT is often associated with computer technologies, and this is not by chance: the advent of computers brought IT to a new level, like television, and printing before.

Story

The beginning of development - from the 1960s, along with the emergence and development of the first information systems (IS).

Investments in infrastructure and services, the Internet caused the rapid growth of the IT industry in the late 1990s.

Technology

Information technologies encompass all the resources needed to manage information, especially computers, software and networks, necessary to create, store, manage, transmit and retrieve information. Information technology can be grouped as follows:

Terminals

Information systems (the concept of an information system. Automated information system (AIS). Subject area of ​​an automated information system. AIS structure. AIS classification. AIS user categories. The main directions of use of information systems in legal activities)

Information system (abbr. IS) - information processing system and the corresponding organizational resources (human, technical, financial, etc.) that provide and disseminate information (ISO / IEC 2382-1: 1993).

An information system is designed to provide appropriate people with appropriate information in time, that is, to meet specific information needs within a specific subject area, while the result of the functioning of information systems is information products - documents, information files, databases and information services.

The concept of an information system is interpreted differently, depending on the context.

A fairly broad interpretation of the concept of “information system” implies that data, technical software and software are integral components of IP.

As well as staff and organizational events. The concept of “information system” is widely interpreted by the federal law of the Russian Federation “On Information, Information Technologies and Information Protection”, meaning by information system

a set of information contained in the databases and information technologies and technical means ensuring its processing.

Among Russian scientists in the field of informatics, the most broad definition of IP is given by MR Kogalovsky, according to which, in addition to data, programs, hardware and human resources, the concept of an information system should also include communication equipment, linguistic means and information resources, which together form a system that provides "support for a dynamic information model of some part of the real world to meet the information needs of users."

A narrower understanding of an information system limits its composition to data, programs, and hardware. The integration of these components allows you to automate the processes of information management and targeted activities of end users, aimed at obtaining, modifying and storing information. Thus, the Russian standard GOST RV 51987 implies

IP "automated system, the result of the operation of which is the presentation of the output information for later use."

GOST R 53622-2009 uses the term information and computing system to designate a set of data (or databases), database management systems and application programs that operate on computing tools as a whole to solve certain problems.

In the activities of an organization, an information system is considered as software that implements an organization’s business strategy. At the same time, it is good practice to create and deploy a unified corporate information system that satisfies the information needs of all employees, services and departments of the organization. However, in practice, the creation of such a comprehensive information system is too difficult or even impossible, as a result of which the enterprise usually operates several different systems that solve particular groups of tasks: production management, financial and economic activities, electronic document management, etc. Some of the tasks are “covered” at the same time by several information systems, part of the tasks is not automated at all. This situation is called patch automation and is quite typical for many enterprises.

Information technologies and their role in modern society

The concept and features of the information society (understanding of the information society. The role of informatization in the development of society. The main objectives of informatization. Information and its types. Properties of information. Information resources. Information products and services. Information market and its sector. Legal regulation on the information market).

The Information Society is a society in which the majority of workers are engaged in the production, storage, processing and sale of information, especially its highest form - knowledge.

For this stage of development of society and the economy is characteristic:

- increasing the role of information, knowledge and information technology in society;

An increase in the number of people engaged in information technology, communications and the production of information products and services, an increase in their share in gross domestic product;

Increasing informatization of society using telephony, radio, television, the Internet, as well as traditional and electronic media;

Creating a global information space that provides:

Effective information interaction of people;

Their access to global information resources;

Meeting their needs for information products and services.

Development of e-democracy, information economy, e-state, e-government, digital markets, e-social and economic networks.

The history of the concept

The Japanese version of the term "information society" appeared in 1961 during a conversation between Kisho Kurokawa and Tadao Umesao (English). Later this term was used in appearing almost simultaneously - in Japan and the USA. The theory of the "information society" was developed by such famous authors as M. Porat, J. Masuda, T. Stounier, R. Karz, and others.

In one way or another, it received support from those researchers who focused attention not so much on the progress of the information technology itself, but on the development of a technological or technical (technetronic from Greek techne) society, or they designated a modern society, starting from the growing or the increasing role of knowledge as “the knowledgeable society”, “knowledge society” or “knowledge-value society”. Today, there are dozens of concepts proposed to refer to individual features of modern society.

Since 1992, the term began to be used by Western countries, for example, the concept of “national global information infrastructure” was introduced in the USA after the well-known conference of the National Science Foundation and the famous report of B. Clinton and A. Gore. The concept of the “information society” appeared in the work of the European Commission Expert Group on the Information Society Programs under the leadership of Martin Bangemann, one of the most respected experts in Europe on the Information Society; information highways and superhighways - in Canadian, British and American publications.

At the end of XX century. the terms “information society” and “informatization” have firmly taken their place, and not only in the lexicon of information specialists, but also in the lexicon of politicians, economists, teachers and scientists. In most cases, this concept was associated with the development of information technologies and telecommunications, allowing for a civil society platform (or at least its declared principles) to make a new evolutionary leap and adequately enter the next 21st century as an information society or its initial stage.

On March 27, 2006, the UN General Assembly adopted the resolution under the number A / RES / 60/252, which proclaims May 17 as the International Day of the Information Society.

Main ideas

Considering the depth and scope of the technological and social consequences of computerization and informatization of various spheres of public life and economic activity, they are often called the computer or information revolution. Moreover, Western sociopolitical thought put forward various versions of the so-called concept of the “information society”, which aims to explain the newest phenomena generated by the new stage of scientific and technical progress, the computer and information revolution. The importance and growing popularity of this concept in the West is evidenced by an ever-increasing flow of publications on this topic. At present, in Western sociopolitical thought, it is gradually being promoted to the place occupied by the theory of postindustrial society in the 1970s.

D. Bell, who formulated the theory of post-industrial society, currently serves as advocates of the concept of the information society. For Bell himself, the concept of the information society has become a kind of new stage in the development of the theory of post-industrial society. As Bell stated, “the revolution in the organization and processing of information and knowledge, in which the computer plays a central role, is developing in the context of what I have called the post-industrial society.”

According to U. Martin, the information society is understood as a “developed post-industrial society”, which arose primarily in the West. In his opinion, it is not accidental that the information society is established primarily in those countries - in Japan, the USA and Western Europe - in which a postindustrial society was formed in the 60s - 70s.

U. Martin attempted to identify and formulate the main characteristics of the information society according to the following criteria.

Technological: a key factor is information technologies, which are widely used in production, institutions, the education system and in everyday life.

Social: information acts as an important stimulator of changes in the quality of life; an “information consciousness” is formed and established with wide access to information.

Economic: information constitutes a key factor in the economy as a resource, service, product, source of value added and employment.

Political: freedom of information leading to a political process characterized by growing participation and consensus among different classes and social strata of the population.

Cultural: recognition of the cultural value of information through the promotion of information values ​​in the interest of the development of the individual and society as a whole.

At the same time, Martin particularly emphasizes the idea that communication is a "key element of the information society."

Martin notes that, speaking of the information society, it should be taken not in a literal sense, but as a guideline, a trend of changes in modern Western society. According to him, in general, this model is focused on the future, but in developed capitalist countries one can already name a number of changes caused by information technologies, which confirm the concept of the information society.

Among these changes, Martin lists the following:

Structural changes in the economy, especially in the distribution of labor; increased awareness of the importance of information and information technology;

A growing awareness of the need for computer literacy;

The wide spread of computers and information technology;

Development of computerization and informatization of society and education;

Government support for the development of computer microelectronic technology and telecommunications.

Widespread computer viruses and malware around the world.

In the light of these changes, according to Martin, “the information society can be defined as a society in which the quality of life, as well as the prospects for social change and economic development, are increasingly dependent on information and its operation. In such a society, the standards of life, forms of work and leisure, the education system and the market are significantly influenced by advances in information and knowledge. ”

In a detailed and detailed form, the concept of the information society (given that it almost fully incorporates the theory of post-industrial society developed by him in the late 60s and early 70s) D. Bell suggests. According to Bell, “in the coming century, the formation of a new way of life based on telecommunications becomes crucial for economic and social life, for the methods of producing knowledge, and also for the nature of human labor activity. The revolution in the organization and processing of information and knowledge, in which the computer plays a central role, is unfolding simultaneously with the development of a post-industrial society. ” Moreover, Bell believes, three aspects of a post-industrial society are especially important for understanding this revolution. This refers to the transition from the industrial society to the service society, which determines the value of codified scientific knowledge for the implementation of technological innovations and the transformation of the new "intellectual technology" into a key tool of system analysis and decision-making theory.

A qualitatively new moment was the ability to manage large sets of organizations and production systems, requiring the coordination of hundreds of thousands and even millions of people. The rapid development of new scientific fields, such as information theory, computer science, cybernetics, decision-making theory, game theory, etc., that is, areas related precisely to the problems of organizational sets, has continued and continues.

One of the most unpleasant aspects of the informatization of society is the loss of stability by the information society. Due to the increasing role of information, small groups can have a significant impact on all people. Such influence, for example, can be carried out through terror, actively covered by the media. Modern terrorism is one of the consequences of the decline in the sustainability of society as it is informatization.

The return of the resilience of the information society can be accomplished through the strengthening of accounting policies. One of the new directions of strengthening people accounting policies is biometrics. Biometrics is creating automata capable of recognizing people on their own. After the events of September 11, 2001, at the initiative of the United States, the active use of international passports with biometric identification of people by automata when crossing state borders began.

The second most important direction of strengthening accounting policies in the information society is the massive use of cryptography. An example is the SIM card in a cell phone, it contains cryptographic protection of the accounting of payment by subscribers of a digital communication channel leased from the operator. Cell phones are digital, it was the transition to the digital that made it possible to provide everyone with communication channels, but without cryptography in SIM cards, cellular communication could not become mass. Cellular operators would not be able to reliably control the fact of availability of money in the subscriber’s account and operations to withdraw money for using the communication channel.

Russia

In the activities of the authorities in the development and implementation of state policy in the field of the development of the information society in Russia, there are several stages. At the first (1991–1994), the foundations were formed in the field of informatization. The second stage (1994–1998) was characterized by a change in priorities from informatization to the development of an information policy. The third stage, which continues to this day, is the stage of policy formation in the field of building the information society. In 2002, the Government of the Russian Federation adopted the Federal Target Program “Electronic Russia 2002–2010”, which gave a powerful impetus to the development of the information society in the Russian regions. In 2008, the Information Society Development Strategy until 2020 was adopted.

In order to ensure the confidentiality and anonymity of personal biometric data, Russia was the first among developed countries to start creating a special package of national standards: GOST R 52633.0-2006; GOST R 52633.1-2009, GOST R 52633.2-2010; GOST R 52633.3-2011; GOST R 52633.4-2011; GOST R 52633.5-2011.

Since other countries do not yet have national standards for the transformation of human biometrics into his personal cryptographic key, presumably, the standards of the GOST R 52633.xx package will be used in the future as the basis of the relevant international standards. In this regard, it is interesting to note that the already existing international biometric standards were originally created as US national standards.

Belorussia

In 2010, the Council of Ministers of the Republic of Belarus approved the Strategy for the Development of the Information Society in Belarus until 2015 and the plan of priority measures for its implementation for 2010 (the development of the information society is one of the national priorities, it is a national task). The formation of the foundations of the information society is completed, the legal basis of informatization has been laid. In the period up to 2015 in the Republic of Belarus, according to the Strategy for the Information Society Development in the Republic of Belarus until 2015, work should be completed on the creation and development of the basic components of the information and communication infrastructure for the development of the state system for the provision of electronic services (electronic government). It will include a nationwide information system that integrates government information resources to provide electronic services; unified secure communication environment; public key management system; identification system of individuals and legal entities, as well as a payment gateway in integration with a single settlement information space through which payment transactions will be carried out. According to the plan of informatization of the Republic of Belarus for the period up to 2015, it can be assumed that by 2015, each university will have broadband Internet access. The development strategy of the information society in the country provides for an increase in broadband Internet access ports to 2015 to 3 million (about 530 thousand today), the number of users of mobile Internet access will reach 7 million (about 1.6 million today). Today, more than 87% of Belarusian schools have some form of access to the Internet, and more than 21% have broadband access.

CIS countries

In the CIS countries, the information society is implemented on the basis of an interstate network of information and marketing centers (IMC network), which is a project similar to the Digital Agenda for Europe (2020), presented by the European Commission as a strategy to ensure the growth of the EU economy in the digital age and the spread of digital technology among all walks of life.

Information technologies (information technology concept. Stages of information technology (IT) development. IT classification. IT development trends. The role and place of information technologies in the legal sphere).

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Ministry of Education and Science of the Russian Federation

FEDERAL STATE EDUCATIONAL INSTITUTION OF HIGHER PROFESSIONAL EDUCATION

"NOVOSIBIRSK STATE PEDAGOGICAL UNIVERSITY"

INSTITUTE OF CULTURE AND YOUTH POLICY

DEPARTMENT OF SOCIAL-CULTURAL AND LIBRARY ACTIVITIES

on discipline Information technology management of socio-cultural activities

The role of information technology in modern society

Completed student 44 groups

Vasyatkina Alisa Sergeevna

Checked: Doctor ped. sciences,

Redkina Natalya Stepanovna

Novosibirsk 2015

INTRODUCTION

1.2 Types of information

CONCLUSION

INTRODUCTION

In the history of society, it is allowed to distinguish several stages that human society step by step went through in its development. These stages differ in the basic method of providing society with its existence and the type of sources used by man and playing a leading role in the implementation of this method. These stages include: the gathering and hunting stages, agricultural and industrial. Nowadays, especially developed countries of the world are at the final stage of the industrial stage of the formation of society. They are moving to a further stage, the one that is called “informational”. In this society, the decisive role belongs to information. The infrastructure of a society is formed by methods and means of collecting, processing, storing and sharing information. Information becomes a tactical source.

Consequently, from the second half of the twentieth century in the civilized world, the transition from the “prophetic economy” to the “knowledge economy” becomes the main, determining factor in the socio-economic development of society, there is a significant increase in the importance and role of information in solving virtually all the tasks of the world community.

This is convincing evidence that the scientific and technological revolution is slowly turning into intellectual information, information becomes not only a subject of communication, but also a profitable commodity, an absolute and effective modern means of organizing and managing social production, science, culture, education and socio-economic the formation of society in the aggregate.

Thus, informatization is a cumulative process of information support for the socio-economic formation of society on the basis of modern informational special technologies and corresponding technical means.

And consequently, the informatization of society has become a priority, and its significance in society is continuously increasing.

The goal is to study the role of information technology in modern society.

Consider the concept of information technology;

Examine the types of information;

To analyze the role of information technology in modern society.

1. THE ROLE OF INFORMATION TECHNOLOGIES IN THE DEVELOPMENT OF SOCIETY

informatization society society automated

1.1 the Concept of information technology

Information technology is a set of methods, production processes and software and hardware, combined in a technological chain that provides for the collection, processing, storage, transmission and display of information.

The purpose of the functioning of this chain, i.e. information technology, is to reduce the complexity of the processes of using the information resource and increase their reliability and efficiency.

The effectiveness of information technology is ultimately determined by the qualifications of the subjects of the informatization processes. At the same time, technologies should be as accessible as possible to consumers.

Information technology can be classified from various points of view. For example:

Information technology can be distinguished by the type of information being processed. The separation is rather conditional, since Most information technologies allow you to support other types of information. For example, simple computational activities are possible in word processors, and tabular processors process not only digital information, but can also generate graphs. However, each type of technology is mainly focused on working with information of a certain type. Modification of the elements constituting information technology allows the formation of new technologies in various computer environments.

Information technology can be divided into providing (ITD) and functional (FIT).

Providing technologies are information processing technologies that can be used as tools in various subject areas. However, they can provide a solution to ask a different plan and varying degrees of complexity. ICU can be divided into classes of tasks, depending on the class ICU use different types of components and software. When ICU merges on a subject basis, the problem of system integration arises, i.e. bringing different technologies to a single standard interface.

Functional information technology (FIT) is a modification of the supporting technologies for the tasks of a specific subject area, i.e. implemented subject technology. Subject technologies and information technology influence each other. For example, the emergence of plastic cards as carriers of financial information fundamentally changed the subject technology. At the same time, we had to create a completely new information technology. But, in turn, the opportunities presented by the new IT influenced the subject technology of plastic carriers (in the area of ​​their protection, for example).

1.2 Types of information

Information can be divided into the following types:

Scientific information. This logical information correctly displays the unbiased validity of the nature of socium thinking.

Scientific information is divided into areas of acquisition or implementation (political technical battle, and so on); by appointment: group and special; by media type: on paper - documentary, on magnetic tape, in computer memory.

Technical information. It is used and can be seen when solving new problems (design, scientific and technical processes, and so on).

Scientific and technical information - the community of the first two.

Scientific and technical information - it circulates in the field of material and technical production.

The planning and financial information has integral these about the course of production, financial signs.

Knowledge is considered the top tier of information. Mastery arises as a result of theoretical and practical work. Information repeating the type of skills stands out the highest level of structure. As society develops, information as a community of technological knowledge is transformed into a database of information service of a society in all aspects of its work.

A level with energy, suitable minerals, etc. information is the source of society. As scientific and technological progress moves, the informant informer becomes an unusually major public source. The effectiveness of the industrial exploitation of information sources describes the financial strength of the state.

The scientific and technical base for the formation and operation of information sources is being made by the computer industry. However, pumping labor sources from the spheres of physical production to the information one leads to the era of "information collapse."

Now the amount of information entering the industry, management, science comes to restless values. This can lead to an "information explosion", in other words, so crazy going up will stop very quickly. It is permissible to demonstrate an approach to collapse:

Doubling time of the size of information, selected scientific skills - 2-3 years.

Physical costs of saving, transferring and processing information are higher energy costs.

The tier of radio emissions in certain parts of the territory is approaching the tier of radio emission from the sun.

In this informational state of society, the effective use of information sources is valuable. The 3 leading branches are responsible for the use of information sources: industrial electronics electronics and interconnection play the same role for developed countries, in fact before this was not an easy industry.

Active information informers - there is that part of state information sources, which in one form or another is available to users on a trade basis. The ratio of the size of active information sources to the general size of state information sources is one of the significant financial characteristics of the state of the state.

2. THE ROLE AND PLACE OF INFORMATION TECHNOLOGIES IN MODERN SOCIETY

2.1 Informatization of society and properties of information technology

Informatization of society is a global social process, the feature of which is that the dominant activity in the sphere of social production is the collection, accumulation, processing, storage, transmission, use, production of information, carried out on the basis of modern means of microprocessor and computing technology, as well as various means of information interaction and exchange.

Information technology can be viewed as an element and function of the information society, aimed at regulating, maintaining, maintaining and improving the management system of a new network society. If for centuries information and knowledge were transmitted on the basis of rules and regulations, traditions and customs, cultural patterns and stereotypes, today technology plays the main role.

Information technologies streamline the flow of information at the global, regional and local levels. They play a key role in shaping the technostructure, in enhancing the role of education, and are actively being introduced into all spheres of social, political, and cultural life, including home life, entertainment, and leisure.

Properties of information technology:

Information technologies make it possible to activate and effectively use the information resources of society, which today are the most important strategic factor in its development.

Information technologies make it possible to optimize and in many cases automate information processes, which in recent years have taken an increasing place in the life activity of human society.

Information processes are important elements of other more complex production or social processes.

The formation of an information society in a country is inextricably linked with education in a given society. In the history of mankind, there were at least two revolutions to improve the quality and accessibility of education. The two previous revolutions at the same time expanded the possibilities of education as a system, adding new means and changing its structure.

It is the specialists of the social sphere who should be the first to respond to these changes in society. Social teachers and social workers as specialists of various social services complement and develop the multifaceted activities of educational institutions, health care, culture, sports, public organizations, interact with them, performing an integrative function in the relationship of state-public structures with the family and the individual. The emergence of such specialties as “social pedagogy” and “social work” allows us to solve several interrelated tasks: the formation of a worldview adequate to this stage of social and economic development of our country and the world as a whole, each person’s awareness of their place in life, including professional self-determination; implementation of social adaptation based on the ability to make decisions in the face of uncertainty; development of communication skills and skills to build their relationships with various social structures. The social teacher has to work with the most diverse categories of the population: children, the disabled, the elderly, which places high demands on his professional training. Significant assistance can be provided by modern information technologies, without which it simply cannot do today. And the sooner the social pedagogue and the computer “make friends”, the more effective its pedagogical activity will be.

The ability to apply modern information technologies in their activities is becoming one of the main components of the professional training of any specialist, including the social sphere.

Information technology has entered all areas of our life. The computer is a means of improving the efficiency of the learning process, is involved in all types of human activity, indispensable for the social sphere.

CONCLUSION

The functioning and development of the social sphere is impossible without the exchange of information. The introduction of modern computer information technologies in the social sphere is determined by the increasing complexity of social and economic processes in society, their increasing dependence on information and organized information flows, the inability in modern conditions to solve social, economic, managerial and other tasks when processing information manually. Automated processing, storage and distribution of social information using modern computer and telecommunication means allows to improve the quality of social information, its accuracy, objectivity, efficiency and, as a result, the possibility of making effective and timely management decisions.

The emergence, development and operation of information technologies is accompanied by an informatization process, which is an “organized socio-economic and scientific-technical process of creating optimal conditions for satisfying information needs and realizing the rights of citizens, state authorities, local governments, organizations, and public associations on the basis of formation and use of information resources ".

Analyzing the role and importance of information technologies for the modern stage of development of society, we can make quite reasonable conclusions that this role is strategically important, and the importance of these technologies will rapidly increase in the near future. It is these technologies that today play a decisive role in the field of technological development of the state. The arguments for these conclusions are a number of unique properties of information technologies, which put them at a priority place in relation to industrial and social technologies.

LIST OF USED SOURCES

1. N. Grinevich. "Informatics and Information Technologies", BINOM. Laboratory of knowledge, 2003

2. Emelyanov S.V., "Information Technologies and Computing Systems", Editorial URSS, 2004

3. Levin, VI, "History of Information Technologies" BINOM. Knowledge Lab, Internet University of Information Technologies - INTUIT.ru, 2007

4. Fedorova N., "Information Systems" Academia, 2010

5. Poisons G.B. Information and Society // Around the World. - 2004. - № 2.

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