Churchill and the commando

Before the accusations, the battle for England is approaching, the new British premier Winston Churchill could not have had any illusions or reasons for the defeat of the French. At the leaf to the ministry of his rank, Entony Iden Win wrote: “I have a great enemy, but Nimechchina was right, victorious for the hour. The Nimetska army, who followed the special-purpose breeders, finished the drowning and took over the land. "

England in the 30s strongly evolved from Nimechchini. In Nimechchina, the change of the national socialist forces called for a political revolution. The collapse of the minds of the Versailles treaty took there the development of special vіysk. In England, Viy'skova іnrarchіya is conservative, not to love new things, frantically trimmed for the classic ways of doing things. For example, the soldiers of the sea fishery were fenced in the development of the napkins, which are necessary during the paratrooper landing. At the same hour, the Air Force carefully relied on the skinny proposition to formulate parasailing data.

Video: British commandos (special forces)

In 1940 Churchill sent a number of sheets to the officers of the food rank and to the officers of the headquarters of the army, aviation and the fleet. In vimagav against them, pin the sabotage and sometimes open a special purpose by giving a name (for example, "assault groups of cavalry", "leopardi", "mislivtsi"). The sportsmen of the Ministry of Defense in the school of children were sent to the term “battalion of special service”. V official information right up to the end of 1944, I was wondering about the "pidrozdilah SS" (Special services). Gromadska Dumka, Churchill and the soldiers themselves were respected for the beautiful, protest, word "commandos". Yogo proponuvav an officer from the Pivdennaya Africa, which organizes the first group. Yak and in the times of the Bursk commandos in 1900, the first commandos of the English soldiers became the critical guerrilla forces against the occupying forces, they helped the formulated forces. The agency for a friend of the King's magnificence was very hard at work, warehousing, hardy and widespread among the English brochures on the standard of such: "The art of guerrilla warfare,"
However, Churchill didn’t get involved in ordering the commandos until the moment of the landing of the nimts on the English Uzbek, on the 9th of 1940, after sending a note to the headquarters staff of the births, I’ll start a note: “The defense of the French doctrine was destroyed. We are guilty of guilty work over the organization of special forces and the power of children in quiet territories, inhabited by those who have spoken to us. " Two days later, he squeezed "strong, innovative and easy-going robots on all the Uzbeks, recouped by the nimtsy."

In the end of 1940, the boules were organized twelve z'єdnan "commandos". Skin few numbers close to the battalion. Volunteers from the British Army signed up to the last years. Only the soldiers of the sea, who passed through the stage of expansion to the division, did not have the right to join the special team. The whole lot is tied together with that, that Churchill wanted to save his strategic reserve in the time of capturing London from the German landing party. All the officers were unable to recruit only the best volunteers. The prices are good for young people, energy, intelligent people with good driving skills.

The first volunteers came from the old families and saved their uniforms with special patches. Stinks lived most often in apartments, not in barracks. The officers of the skin podrozdilu up to the cob 1942 r was specially consulted for the program for the training of soldiers. At the sound of the tsim rivn, the navichok appeared even more dear.

Children of soldiers, who take part in the military aboard the sea landing, are able to coordinate and coordinate every family. To the 17th Churchill, having designated his old friend Admiral Roger Keyes, the hero of the Zeyebrugge raid in 1918, as a clerk of the Common Operations. However, the help was not successful, as Churchill wanted. The preparation of the naval assault force is tied to the trivial training and the development of special landing craft. Tse vimagalo would be able to find a lot of misunderstandings at the admission of the English military headquarters, and Case, unfortunately, not in the midst of the middle of the Russian government. General Alan Brook, who nezabarno became the chief of the Imperial General Staff and his defender, General Bernard Page boulee, who formulated a commando type, like a regular visitor, with mercy. The case was cooked with them, as a result of the necessary equipment of the wines, without removing them, but all the propositions about the operation of the special parts of the bullets.

One vinyat became a large-scale raid, noting that there was a raid of the factories of burghers in the region of the Lofoten Islands (Norway). The operation is too small for propaganda. The newsreel, which imitated the whole operation, was successfully demonstrated in the rural lands. The period of inactivity, when we stopped the raid on Lofoteni with the demoralization of the commandos. Case has become familiar with Alan Brook and the Admiralty. At the pidsum Churchill, who had picked up a few words, having called Keyes on the 27 th day of 1941.

Boyovi operations of the British special forces (commando)

Parachuting in the "Kolos" operation

On the vidminu of the German command with the ideas of "bliskavichnoy vіyny" for the addition of tank arrivals and warriors, the critical British infantry forces for the last hour lost the significance of the new airborne troops. Without Churchill's onslaught, the command of the royal UPF organized the preparation of the first battalion of paratroopers in 1940.
Vona took place at the Ringway airport, not far from Manchester. This was the moment when the Luftwaffe did not accept the position of the radios of the Luftwaffe and was not given to the nalots. The group of instructors was chased by the majori of aviation Luis Strange and John Rock. I happened to get stuck with serious difficulties. The officers of the Ministry of Aviation Vselyako relied on the stem of the parachute units. Opіr virazilosya persh for everything in the filthy material safety schools in Ringway. We saw 6 old bomber "Utvoriti-Uity-1", not attached for landing, and lack of a number of parachutes. In addition, they were aware of the active difficulties: the technique of landing parachutists from the landing and orderly people, the bullets from the start-ups, didn’t start to get up to date with the help of parachute instructors.

The first streak in the Ringway, buv from the 13th day of 1940 rock. Immediately, it became clear that the hairs through the hatch in the midst of the lithium could be great spritz, cold-blooded, and just good luck, only a little bit of luck could make life. The instructors have shown the commandos a way of safely ziskovvannya from the fuselage, ale the cadets, forcibly adding fear of pleasures, poured the necessary tools even more often. 342 parachutists straightened on navchalny kursiі passed the lіkarsky comic, 30 categorically saw the death of one streak, 20 took away important injuries, and 2 missed - only 15% of the number. As a matter of fact, for 10 years of intensive training, the cadets got 9610 strikes, not less than 30 on the skin paratrooper.

Boyovi operations of the British special forces (commando)

From 290 vipusknikiv 21 leaf fall 1940 r formed the 11th battalion of the SAS (special airborne service). Major Trevor Prychard became the battalion commander, Captain Jerry Deli and Senior Lieutenant George Paterson became the defenders. Three battle groups were sent to the battalion's warehouse, commanded by Captain Christopher Lee, senior lieutenants Enthony Din-Drumond and Arthur Jowett.
Even in the early 1940s, the command of the UPU was violated by the avianalit of the Tragino aqueduct, which was rooted on the mountain of Monte Vultera in the Italian province of the Campania. The whole aqueduct was supplied with clear water to the place of Bari and Taranto, the base of the Italian Navy fleet. That vzagal win got two million of them with drinking water, who lived in the western province of Apulia. However, in the process of developing the plan, it became clear to the plan that the bombardment of the object, which had been rocked high in the mountains, was unrealistic. Todi sent a message to the parachutists. At the same time, they wanted to reconsider their femininity. On 11 June 1941, the plan of the operation under the code name "Kolos" was officially confirmed.

This was carried out by the special mission "X" of the 11th SAS battalion under the command of Major T. Prichard. On the basis of aerosols in Ringway, a model of an aqueduct and an adjacent model was stimulated. The plan was sent to the Wikid assault force 800 meters away from the place. Vіaduks guilty of bully pіdіrvati sіm sappers on cholі with captain D. Delі, and the sash served for prikrittya. After a visit to the village, having been divided into chotiri groups, the soldiers of the blame went up the mountains, and went to the Salerno inlet, 100 km away from the action. Forward evacuation was planned aboard the "Triumph" submarine ship from the submarine fleet, based in Malta. From the 15th to 16th of 1941, the commando was raised to the hand of the Seli river.

The operation was held in the night of the 7th cruel 1941 r A number of bombers from the United States left the Midenhill airfield in Suffolk and after 11 years (2200 km) landed in Malta. On 10 February 1941, at 22.45, 36 soldiers started at the Luka airport. The stench was imported from litak in the area of ​​the Tragino aqueduct. Ice, having twisted the fuselage, did not allow two additional litters to throw off the containers with a release and vibration. As a result of 16 such containers, they were thrown off, making it possible to know only one. Two more Uїtni bombarded the place of Foggia, schob masking the meta operations. The wikid landing zone was correctly assigned 5 years, and the group of Captain Deli (7 individuals) landed 5 km away, without making a zoom to reach her. Rashta after an important passage along a deep snow in the mountains reached the aqueduct. At the order of Major Prychard, 12 individuals began to lay the vibukhivka. It turned out that the whole structure was reinforced with concrete, and not with a frame, like the building was built from Malta. The waste of 14 containers and descents into the deadline was difficult. The ordered soldiers have only 350 kg of vibrating. For the plan, three pillars and two spills were taken, protest in the situation, which was folded together with one support and one spill. They brought in pіdrivniki, і in 0.30 min. half of the aqueduct was angry at the turn. In the most remote and mayzhe deserted Girsky area, unimpressed on all difficult, viconatie zavdannya was evidently easy. Two zruynovanih came in water poured and flowed into the valley. At the same hour, E. DinDrummond's group was exploiting a small place on the village of Tragino in the Dzhinestra district.

Immediately after the announcement, the head of the department, Major Prychard, divided the participants in the operation for 3 groups and ordered them to come in. In 5 days, 29 individuals climbed close to 100 km. Yshli only at night, during the day we were holed up in gorges and forests. Viyavilosya, scho oversaturated on the tsіy mіtsevostі without any help, the population is even more important. When the soldiers walked in, the child "X" was sent to the snow. Before the hour of the roundabout, organized by the Italian police, in yakiy Primusovo the citizens took part, the 14th fierce group of Major Prychard Bula was rallied in one pogorbiv, and the parachutists were thrown away. The same share of the sport from two of the groups, and in three days, all the participants of the operation were fed into the hands of the gatekeeper. However, a lot of them have flowed in without a bar, including Senior Lieutenant E. Din-Drummond, who zumiv way to England.

If the operation "Kolos" didn’t see the end of the day, it was too important for the water supply to be carried out, it ended with success for the parachutists. mіssevoy population.

United Kingdom Churchill and parachutists

The operations of the commandos in Italy and Norway will be assessed in a reasonable way. The command of the UPF and the Navy was not far away. The soldiers made fun of the simple spoluks, sturdzhuyuchi, well known for the physical training of commandos to be suitable only for "zitknen with a fine article." However, Churchill buvs the crossing in the correctness of the opposite road. Bazhayuchi to take up the spirit of parachutists, he was seen in 1941 at the Ringway airdrome, de-sponsoring the demonstration of parachute strikes, shooting and hand-to-hand fights. Sitting in the control tower, wining with bombers, in some parachute flights. Having felt on the internet, that the young soldiers are seeing a strike, he asked them to talk to him on the radio. The jerks of the parachute, having felt the suvor doganu from the beloved premier, went audibly to the hatch and without further protest were distributed from the litak.

United Kingdom Churchill: the founder of the education of the British commandos (special forces) at the Other svitoviy vіynі

The start at the Ringway airport became a turning point for both parachutists and aviation. The air force's criticality was astonishing, so the premier would not give up, and they began to be loyal to the paratrooper units, as far as comrades in the field, and not as to competitors for the supply of military equipment and protection. In addition, at a special conference, parachutists were presented with developmental data about children of Nimetsky parachutists, their preparation, efficiency and tactical and operational staff. In the end of April 1941, the headquarters of the royal UPU proceeded to the systematic maintenance of airborne troops, however, in a common document, it meant: "I would like to prove the real possibilities that have come in the whole new kind of zombie." The whole argument, I want it and not the one, about what kind of mіyali English, I didn’t show up.

On 20 May 1941, Nimetsky parachutists were landing on the aerodrome of Crete: Malem, Kania, Retimo and Iraklion. True, the stench was carried away by the important things, ale zabdyaki far away for them zbіga furnishings zumіl zhopit the aerodrome in Maleme. Unimportant to the fire of the English, transport ships landed on a lot of smog to carry ammunition, and on the beaches near the place - gliders with the famous Alpine shooters from the 5th Girly division. Without a barrage they reached the landing force in the whole area of ​​the numerical pass. The English began to step towards the gir. Ten days after that the bars of the Cretan garnizon of allies, which formed from the English, Greeks, Australians and New Zealanders, disappeared from the small Ribal ports to the old islands. The day before the whole English team in London, there was a lot of perekonane, so the successes of the unhappy ones. The officers of the headquarters ordered the majesty of the middle of the parachutes and the inevitable fall in the fighting spirit of this crooked battle, as the stench survived the hour of landing. However, the price of the first airborne operation of a majestic scale is unavoidable. The English underestimated the courage, the comradely spirit and the bravado of the people. The flooding of Crete has become a great success of the good health and an overnight pushing stimulus for the development of English children of special significance.

Churchill made a statement and humiliations to himself by the UPU chief of staff, placing him on a string of strings and not being able to agree on a mandate: stages of preparation.

Boyovi operations of the British special forces (commando)

Churchill's fired up "green light" was an answer for the English special forces unavailable before they could. We are now ready to help the army, the sea fleet and aviation, and the specialization of science organizations have started to develop the equipment, the creation and development of the smart devices for sabotage.

The training has become more intensive. Churchill glanced at the same command warehouse, looking at the officers with conservative looks. Winning the whisper of young, dynamic, healthy, temporarily important and instantly luminous people. “I want those like that, I’ll look at them at the weekend in Sandhurst, the oven has spread” - having respectfully respected Churchill, looking at the visit to the Academy of Sciences.

The king of the English commandos, the drop-off member of Case on the camp of the capital By the same operations became the king’s two-year brother, Lord Luis Mountbatten - the hero of naval battles. One hour the command of the parachutists became Major General Frederic Browning, officer of the Grenadiers of the Guards and the head of Daphnia Du Maurier's writing. On the other hand, it was imperiously vilna, relieved by the bureaucratic flow of the message, the building knows and the contact with pidleglims. It is not surprising, too, that following the special prestige of its development and its development, in which volunteers now rushed. (In 1942, for example, Browning was already in the middle of a paratrooper brigade.) Alan Brook's protests were sent to the base of parts of the sea.

Like the organizing revolution, there have been changes in the training system. First, for everything, they were seen from the chiefs from the well-equipped bombers of the Uity. They changed the affection of aerostati. Tse gave hostile results. At the fall of 1941, the boules were formed by the 2nd and 3rd battalions of parachutists. During an hour of training, 1,773 cadets were seen from only two strikers, 12 were treated with injuries, but a lady did not die. Bar'єr fear buv ruling.

Two months after that Mountbatten punished organizing the headquarters in Aknakerri, in the old castle of Cameron of Loch Eil (Scotland). The soldiers of the specialty went there for a practical physical training, in a fire and special training, a 3-kilometer big in general order, on the way to the castle, an amphibious assault, in the midst of an assault in the dark - all They, who were not showcased, turned into an army. The commandos came along with a sound, vibukhovy speeches, a knife and a hack. Vikladannya sabotage righteousness was conducted with university diplomas. In addition to the English, soldiers from all over the world, including Poles and Czechs, came to Aknakerri.
Intensely training was greatly increasing the special warehouse of parachutists and commandos. Bazhayuchi zmіtsniti vіdchuttya spіlnoї power, Browning vіvіvіvіvlі vіdnі vіdnі wіdrіnі, wіdrіznyayutsya from wіdrіnіy army: the shore of a chestnut colora with attaching a badge, like the image of a walnut hero Bellerophon

Raid on Waagze, Bruneville, Saint-Nazaire

The first large-scale raid of the commando was carried out on the 27th breast 1941 r. The commandos fought for the skin of the street for the training of the Vyskovo-naval fleet and the bombers. Nіmtsі repaired the baked opіr, but they couldn’t get away from the commandos. The English have lost 71 people; lost, wounded and taken full of 209 German soldiers. The bullets were flooded, the shores of the nimetsky court were known to have a water-tonnage of 16 thousand tons. Z Vaagze pochavsya a new stage in the diakh of the English podrozdiliv special purpose.

As soon as two operations were carried out, they thought about the attack of Vitzig on the Eben-Emael fort, but they wanted more. On 28 February 1942, at night, a group of Commando Z from the 2nd battalion of paratroopers (called "Jock's company", some of the middle soldiers of the Buto, Scots) hung in Brunevile, a coastal French village, or in the new Major John-Frost was a group of keruvav not long ago. The parachutists quickly fit in and did not ochikuvali the attack, dismantled the styles of the electronic blocks, were able to win, and the attachments were photographed and taken. Then the stench turned ashore, the stars took the check of the landing barges. Nimtsi zumіli shoopiti only two zv'yazkіvtsіv, as they got lost before the hour of turning to the zbіrniy point. Lord Mountbatten Bouv in capture. On that day, the operation in Brunevila turned out to be the most beautiful one.

Boyovi operations of the British special forces (commando)

A month later, the commandos came. In the nights of Birch 27, 1942, the old campbeltown, similar to the modernization of the German minor class "Meve", was loaded on a small fleet of motor chambers in the dry dock in the upper Luari in the Seine-right up to Tsei dock will be one of the only ones in all French Uzbek, it is possible to carry out repairs of the Nimetsian giant - lincor "Tirpits". The idea of ​​seeing "Campbeltown" for a nice ship going into. They identified them only in 2 thousand meters from the dock and innocently fired the fire. At a time, the ship came to be a warrantor, collapsing at the top of the river with 20 universities (37 km / year), hitting the dock at the gate. The attack was very light in Saint-Nazaire, since Campbeltown became the commandos. In front of them stood a factory - laying down vibrations for hydraulic systems and pumps. The stench spent the whole hour going through the fierce fire of the Nimetsian battle posts. Motor chapel, one of them for turning, bully of riches.
The soldiers of the landing tried to break through through the streets of the place and grapple in the woods, but they carried even a lot of losses. From 611 commandos, as they took part in the raid, 269 nikoli did not turn around. Five paratroopers were crowded with the Chrest of the Viktoria. More cities in one operation in England were cut off only once - in 1879 for the heroic defense of Roorks Drift.

Vrantzi 28 birch nimtsi continued to grow more and more over the raid. Campbeltown wedged in through the gates of the dock. The stench was important for a few hundred tons, and did not hit too hard with a forced blow. About 10 years old. 30 minutes, if 300 German sappers and sailors looked at the old men, they vibrated 4 tons of charge, placed in the hold filled with cement. Nimetskі vratti in people appeared even more, nіzh from the English, and the dock itself was so zruynovyh, that it went into the distance in the 50-і rock.

The fearless operations in Brunevila and Saint-Nazaire celebrated the great feud, as well as the one that won the important battles of the allies. 15 fierce Singapur fell to the Japanese, and Rangoon fell on 9 birch trees. Franzia's successes helped to reduce the number of failures on the other fronts. Popular English writers V.Є. Jones and S.S. Forester skimmed the podium for his good fortune tales, if and greatly embellished them. In 1942, across Forester's books in Hollywood, there was a film "Commandos to Attack on Svitanka", which was the majestic Kasov's success.

Failure of the operation "Yuvilei"

At the city of Euphoria, a successful raid on Saint-Nazaire, a successful raid on Saint-Nazaire, with the help of one operation (on the Mountbatgen), an ear of a plan of operation of a great scale under the code name "Rutter". Methoy bouv Dieppe. The fate of the commandos, the recently organized rangers, the English and American paratroopers and the brigade, formed from the warehouse of the 2nd Canadian infantry division, was admitted. Through the nasty weather, the operation "Rutter" was put into operation. However, the plan for the raid was reanimated under the code "Yuviley". The main points are the same. The only reason was in the fact that they were seen from the guerrilla landing, and even more and more parachutists.

The tank "Matilda" was worthy after attaching the British and Canadian commandos for an hour to the landing in Dieppe in the operation "Juvilei".

19 serpnya 1942 r to nastunya svitanka five squadrons of landing barges in the superconductor of esmintsy came close to the Uzbek coast of France. About 4 years ago, the landing force stumbled upon a German convoy. A sea battle ensued, in the course of which the English sank two German ships to the suprovod. About the elements of the rapture, having put together the main part of the operation "Yuviley", it could not have been. About 5.00 a.m. on the rocky beach, leading to the headquarters of Dieppe, hung the most barge with Canadian forces from the "Canadian Royal Management". However, they knew about a few things, they checked the attack and, after a few years, more often than not, they killed the feverish Canadians. The men and women of the commandos and rangers were hanging on the flanks - back and forth. For the sake of the development of the coastal batteries, the enemy and the rescue of the head forces were respected. In the whole stage of the operation "Juviley" can be carried out in the distance, the 3rd assault landing was sent to the command of Major Peter Young, a veteran of the raids on the Lofoten Islands and Waagse, attacking in the area of ​​Pt Berneval on early battles, godin. At the end of the 4th hour, the assault landing was sent to the command of Lieutenant Colonel Lord Lovato with an artillery battery to the west of the place.

Buried in full of British.

The operation "Yuviley" ended, protest, with failure. Z 6,100 cholovik, who took part in the landing, lost 1,027, and 2,340 were consumed in full (mostly Canadian). On the other hand, the commandos and rangers were apparently small. Z 1 173 lost only 257 soldiers. Acknowledgments commandos were critical of the enterprise. Operation "Yuvilei" is big for a raid and too small for an invasion. Vona showed, however, that in operations of a great scale, there was the visajuvati landing of special troops on the flanks, devilishly guilty of knowing the tight defense points and batteries of the enemy. Dosvid Dieppe zgodom buv vicoristany during the planned operation "Overlord" (Lord)

Special pedagogues on Blizkiy Skhodі

Uvaga of the community dummies was shown at the operations, which are held in the English and the districts of the English Channel. However, already in the summer of 1940, some soldiers of the English forces, who had been rocked at Blizkiy Gokhod, began to translate into special departments. The stinks celebrated a great inflow on the development of the Maybut special purpose not only in England, but in other countries. Ear of booves is not easy. At Chervna 1940, the commando at Blizkoy Gathering, the guys behind the orders of White Hall, fell asleep in Egypt "Commando Training Center". Yogo was placed in the area of ​​Cabrio Bilya of the Great Girkoye Lake. Scho the soldiers were found there, they turned out to be a good vicious contingent, ale їkh equipped with a poor man, and training was overwhelmed by a small man. Tax 1940-1941 rr. children of commandos took part in close operations during the Italian defense in Ethiopia, as well as in attacks on the reclaimed Italian Dodecanese Islands. The raids ended in failure, and the soldiers went to the Italian full. Oskazhenili Churchill, having clamped the stem of the comisia from the investigation, the documents of such a boule were kept secret right up to the period of writing.

Boyovi operations of the British special forces (commando)

Bataglioni "Leifors"

However, there was a need to activate the activity of parts of special significance in the basin of the Middle-Earth Sea. Tse summoned three battalions of commandos under the leadership of Colonel Robert Laycock to move to the Blizky Retreat area (from the name of the battalion). Tsili arrived in Suets in the birch in 1941 by sea route near the Good Nadia.
Leikok gained a new reputation for the special forces, including in their children the smashing commandos, and shifting them to the parachute and motorized orders. However, yogo zusilla appeared as marnimis. In April 1941, Leifors took part in three operations, in the course of which boules would increase in value.

The first attack of the bullet was destroyed on April 17 in front of Bardi, in the area of ​​the enemy. "Leifors" hung up and launched an attack on the Italian movement, but when they turned, they did not know the way to the zbіrniy point. Another attack was carried out by two battalions "Leifors", which hung 21 grass on the pivnich Uzbek coast of Crete. Meta is the dumping of the aerodrome in Maleme. "Leifors" appeared on the birch trees already in the course of the entrance of the head English forces on the first day of the island and played the role of a vіysk prikrittya. The commandos stole the evacuation of the main part of the garnizon, but they themselves suffered important losses. There were no more than 179 soldiers in Egypt. The 8th worm of the left battalion "Leyfors" carried out an operation on the Uzbek coast of the French Livan, controlled by the entire district of Vish. Meta - the pidtrim of the British forces, who were advancing from Palestine. Boi bully are even more important, the battalion has lost 123 soldiers, damn the whole warehouse. On the whole "Leifors" they pinned their iznuvannya. On 15 chervni 1941, General Waivell, commander of the British forces at Blizkiy Skhodi, having seen the order about their development.

Pestle groups of dal'n'oi dei

For such a maritime power, like England, the Seredzemne sea served as an excellent corridor through which it was possible to carry out attacks on the whole of the Uzbek coast of Africa. The English officers, who served in Egypt in the thirties, took the obvious possibility of operations from the side of the Libyan empty space, to move step by step into the sea into the sea of ​​the empty Sahari. Major Ralph Bagnold, Officer of the Royal Service, in the 30s carried out pre-screening and topographic surveys of Egyptian and Livonian sheaths.

From Weywell's initiative in 1940, Bagnold organized the special development forces or LRDG (long-range shepherd groups). The English army is not a small number of fighting vehicles, so Bagnold bought from the Chevrolet company in the Republic of Korea 14 second-tonnage vantages. There are 19 cars of win dobouv, they were "sponsored" at the evening vipings, or they posed at the Egyptian army. However, the conservative English army did not want to, so the soldiers of regular units were enrolled as volunteers in the department of special assignments, in which they were imprisoned as everyday life practice. Todi, perebuyuyutsya in a twisted camp, Bagnold zakavivshis New Zealand and Rhodesian Vіyski, and it reflected the English, "sports spirit" who are not reconciled with the humiliation. Forms of the English Guards and Emenri regiments (reserve) became the deadliest patrols.

British commando in a standard outfit. British special forces at other svitovii vіynі

The first operation was highly hostile and became very popular in the English headquarters. Mіzh 26 breast 1940 and 8 September 1941 patrol of the LRDG traveled 1500 km on the first road to Kaire. Having poured down the strained lack of sand dunes, the soldiers reached the Fezzan flatland in the early days of Libya, where there were Italian garnishes. There the stench came from the parts of the "Vilnyh French", as they made a march out of Chad in a direct direction. An attack by common British-French forces on the Italian garnizon in Murzuk, outposts of the enemy zennatsk. In the middle of the advancing boules are not great. However, the commander of the colony "Vilnyh French", Colonel D "Ornament. Yogo, replacing the intercessor, Colonel Count de Hauteklok. Murzuk became the cob of the battle path, crowned with the baton of Marshal France.
The raid on Murzuk confirmed the operative power of the easy empty vysk. The Chergova share is planned for that. However, in the end of 1941, the German Afrika Korps arrived in the area of ​​battles between the Italian and English forces under the command of Lieutenant General Ervin Rommel. As a result, the announcement of the information about the "Axis" of the English bullets will be sent to Egypt. At the same time, the team saw an order about the distribution of parts of the LRDG to the Egyptian-Liviysk cordon, to the safe delivery of the soldiers "Fox wasteland". The commandos of the LRDG spent the greater part of the Lita there 1941 r

Poluvannya on "Fox Kestrel" by Ervin Rommel

The spring and summer of 1941 brought England a humiliating shock to the basin of the Middle-Earth Sea. Along with that, the period was marked by the actions of the commandos. It has already been said that most of them were added to the "Leifors" structure (commanders 7, 8, the bottom of the metropolis and two branches, formed on the platform in the main Іspanії). The Leyfors brigade was sent to fight for Crete (born in 1941). Most pidrozdil under the command of Colonel Laycock wondered the role of pretending when the surplus of the English corps entered the island.

Field Marshal Erwin Rommel is a meta of British commandos. British special forces at other svitovii vіynі

Unnumbered happy people, like unique culture and breakthrough in the mountains and got, nareshti, to the village of Sfakion in Ribals, the stars of them are guilty, take the royal fleet, found him empty, without a single ship. In the city, for self-confidence and heroism, they have been deceived by a thief - a typical history of the priesthood, condemned to death for the sake of the head forces. Alec todi commandos did not lose heart. From the core of a non-volatile Leikok, imagining an attack by German patrols, the stench was quickly believed to be a few thrown barges, and they were sailing to Bik Egypt (close to 700 km). Until then, there were no strong winds.
Turned into the dying commandos did not hide them from the form. A part was transported to England, they were brought to the first special children, they became instructors. Someone was sent to the garnizoni of Malta, Kipra, Livana and Egypt. Bagato was once again consumed in the family. In the minds of the defective defense, with the chronic instability of people to reduce the stretched front in Libya, the command did not bach the sense of allowing the whole battalions to supervise the suspicious soldiers in deprived of their eyes to demonstrate their operability in widespread advertising.

The commandos were saved from the small pens of the commandos. Most (59 persons), engaged in reconnaissance and staying up to the 8th Army. The commander will be the same Leycock, who has been nagging his own brigade recently.
The share of the whole pidrozdilu, which is more symbolic in number, has become inappropriate. Lunali voices on the rosy form. It is also not surprising that the headquarters are constantly thinking about those who will increase their prestige. In 1941 he fought the battlefield. This means that the next step was to go ahead and carry out an important operation, the inheritance of such an operation for the entire English army in the whole region.

Unbeknownst to the first plan, the idea of ​​Laycock's defender, Colonel Jeffrey Keyes, is the son of the current chief of social operations. Case proponuvav at once attacked the kilka of objects in Libya, which were rooted far from the line to the front. The head meta - villa in the place of Bida Littorio. The rozvidka stood up, but here was the residence of Rommel - the commander of the woeful "African corps". The commandos were encouraged by the assertion of the unwittingly gifted general to give a ruinous injection to all the necessary and Italian forces in Africa. Laycock had no problems with this operation. Youmu was beaten for help.

Boyovi operations of the British special forces (commando)

The preparation was honored. The first for all the bullets is required for a retailer. Before her, they switched on the "empty group of dal'noi dei" - the commandos, who were engaged in raids across the Sahara, often in the uniforms of the enemy or in the Arabic uniform. The soldiers of the whole fledgling commander, Captain Haslden, had a long way to reach the nearest outskirts of the city, where there were some headquarters. The stinks gave a detailed topography of the scene, shot photographs of the buddies, described the mode of protection, the patrol routes. The price inspired hope for success.
An important problem has become the method of approaching assault groups to the point. The parachute assault force was ill-humored - there were no letters, and the people of Laycock did not go through the whole event. Penetration from the side was empty, like Haslden and his people were prone to, they also fucked the unreal - it was not a trick of tricky perebuvannya in the empty. It was only the sea road that was overflowing, and we were waiting for a while. The changeover was carried out on the submarine chambers, the vicoristovuchas of the commandos Kortnі - fakhіvtsіv s operations on kayaks (Сі-бі-еес). Bin has sent for instruction some of the additional devices and equipment.

In the attack on Rommel's residence, the brothers were responsible for the fate of 59 commandos, distributed to chotiri groups. Planning at once, there were three areas: the Italian headquarters, the development center at Apollo and the university connection.

10 leaves fall in the evenings from the port in Oleksandriya, two divas were removed from the water chapel - "Torbey" and "Talisman". In the middle, in the middle, at once with the command there were 59 commandos, raznu zbroyu, kayaks and іnshe vіyskové order.

If the chapel reached the point of recognition, the landing was to blame, then apparently two kayakers, Senior Lieutenant Ingles and Corporal Severn, poured the call down to the land, so that the bells were ochikuvali on the birch by the people of Haslden. Tse became 14 leaf fall in the evening. Signal lights flickered from the shore without a break, and you can fix the wall. It's a pity, the weather is sick to the English, it started to get pissed off. Viter right across the shore did everything, and the pina appeared on the hwili. Umovi did not drink too much water on gum pontoons. Laycock mav seryoznі beaten before the cob landing. I am vindicated, do not bazhayuchi porushuvati graph of the operation, I was given the order to fix it. The commandos were demolished by the first from the "Torbay" submarine chapel. Chotiri, from six inflatable chambers, snaked in the sea. For a few years, they were thrashing about and once again preparing for the descent. As a result of the landing of the group under the command of Colonel Keyes, they re-created in a five-year struggle against a growing storm. Bulo was spent not only an hour, but a part of the battle order and food supply.

If the cherry of the group Leikok from "Talismani" has come, the svitok is already approaching, the natural mask has ended. Varto bulo to interrupt the lid, ale Leikok virishiv risiknuti and overtook the commander of the submarine chapel from his rightfulness. Yogo group spared less. Chavny threw, the stench spread, hanging all the inventory. Most of the remaining survivors of the two soldiers turned on the back side of the Talismani for the help of the commander. The hour has not yet begun, the horizon was light, the choven could appear at any moment, but a little catastrophic inheritance is not only for her, but for the whole operation.

Boyovi operations of the British special forces (commando)

In total, 36 commandos were found on the Livyskiy birch, more than half of the planned warehouse. The soldiers together with the Arab guides secretly undertook to clean up the troopers. The humovies were buried in the sand, and the food supply was transferred to the nearest yari and ovens. Tilki now you can bulo poshukati ukrittya for yourself. With them, depressions appeared in the skeletons, scho flooded with streams of the board. Soon the camp of Rommel's mighty survivors became a godsend. Having got wet and worn out in the sea, the stench did not catch the cold and the board. It was getting stronger and stronger, and the storm did not allow the people to hang out.
In such minds, Laycock is convinced to carry out an operation on an interdependent scale with apparent strength. Wine is poured into three groups. Head Keruwali Case and Capitan Campbell. Simultaneously with 17 soldiers, the stench of guilt bully beat Rommel. Senior Lieutenant Cook and a group of commandos were ordered to paralyze calls in the outskirts. Leycock with the other people is guilty of being involved in missions to protect the mission of the landing, ordering and receiving reception. On 15 leaves at 19.00, assault groups led by the Arabs destroyed the headquarters of the gate.

Case group at night from 16 to 17 went to a point 15 km from Bida Littorio. People spent the next day in the skelny nisha, looking towards the enemy, and even more towards the board. Clacking teeth and ice-cold coughs and curses, the stench was consumed by the wet heat.

The mutilations, with the new guides, who smelled of the stench before the attack began, smelled again. For the first time, the stench radiated to the board and temryavi, as it smelled it, drowned out the crocks and melodiously dulled the sawing of the wart. For a kilometer from Bida, there was a misyats in the enlightenment of Khmar. In її svіtlі, the guide of bedouin has told on zhadana meta - a complex of budіvels, filled with fluffy palms and a circle of growths. The commandos said goodbye to him (they didn’t want to go for it), and they started to creep into small groups in small groups.

At the end of the stage, a vipadok was put on, as a moment of zruynuvati all plans: Captain Campbell felt the voices approaching. Vin listened and died at once with his people. Through the stench of the stink of the mind, how many Arabs go, who are going to work in the service in the Italian army. From the shooters they saw in less than a second. Campbell, scrambling from the dark and clean nymetskoy becoming "barking" patrol for the running of nymetsky apartments, noise, etc. The Arabs, who were justified on deciduous moving machines, were smartly retreated, being in the middle of an alliance.
For five minutes before the evening, the commandos took up their positions. Keynes, Campbell, Sergeant Terri, and more than two took over the functions of terminators. The stench viralized to the parking lot in the garden, having soaked off Rommel's villa, getting out of the way, quietly, that would come through the windows. Troє mali turn on the electricity. Chotiryokh was thrown on the road with kulemets. Two people wanted to fix them in the fire of the officers for the best hotel.

The upcoming podії developed bliscavically. Keynes gave the sign of the child with his hand. At once, with its four wines, it burst open to the entrance doors of the wail, a little without resisting the wart. The doors could not be opened. I know Campbell connected with her unbearable nimetsky. Winning energetically knocking, i, having seen himself for a curse with terminovymelennym, squeezing let in. In the right rutsi in the new buv nizh, and in livіy pistolet. Sleepy warty, having seen his share and reluctantly opening the doors, immediately pulling the machine gun. Through the vuzka the schilina cannot be allowed to go into hid nizh. Oskіlki shchos pіzryuvav nіmets woke up zebrazhnikі from zabіzhnik, bringing shooters. It was called a terrible noise on the marbled parquet. The commandos jumped over a new one and appeared at the great hall. Above there were two officers, flailing from Walter's holsters. Terri uklav їkh Chergoy from "Thompson". The officers were looking at the gatherings, and Keynes and Campbell were still bulging at the doors of the main room. The stench started shooting through the doors, but it didn’t come out. The light went out overnight.

From the oncoming room, they fired fire through the doors. Keynes is dead. They threw grenades in the middle, then gave the machine gun a devil. A similar procedure was repeated in their homes, while they did not overtake, but in the middle of the village there was a lot of living people. Rommel didn’t get an hour for a joke and identification. The name of the shooter grew from the mustache. Campbell, who took on the command of Keys's bend, instructed him to come in and throw grenades at the booths, and I’ll burn it. In the end, the whistles of the yogo were wounded in the leg, and they didn’t get up, but don’t overshadow the whole podrozdil. Now the command was taken by Sergeant Terri, who miraculously organized the entrance. Win the zeal to take all the other commandos, to fight and destroy the unhappy villa, and then see the chase, creeping through the dark and pouring board. For additional information, the sergeant was excellently organizing on the unknown mobility and marching in a day, grafting people on the spot of the recent landing, and deceiving the Leycock stabbing.

The turn of the shock group with a noticeably small loss was overturned by the death of the beloved Case. Chi did not turn around Cook's group. Everyone drew Rommel's jimmy bend over to themselves. The next step passed in the cellar of the commandos and friendly weather for landing on the choven. "Torbay" signalized, scooping the zanadto visoka. The sailors sent three products to the drifting pontoon, which led to the shore of the wind.

On the day of the 21st leaf fall, in the outskirts of the city appeared nimtsi and italians, at once the English appeared. Pochausya lutii biy, in which chance the commandos bully were minimal, some of them were seen from the sea, and then from the one way of evacuation. Laycock was only lost in the mainland. If you want to go to the uninhabited mountains of Jebel-el-Akhdar, get lost in pursuit, and then make your way through the line of the front. However, the enemy, like Volodya with a significant pass, embarrassed the colonel's plan. Tilki vin and sergeant Terri went to gir. Rasht was shut down or had a full meal. Leikock and his friend spent 41 days of blues on the wilderness and the mountains reached the line of English viysk. There was just a little stink. On the other hand, it’s okay for the commando to hit the ground. It was an hour to storm in Bida Littorio Rommel did not get into Libya. Wine for a few days before the whole journey to Rome for a start with a squad and spokyatkuv in his n'yat tenyatirichchya. Judging by the good materials, the English version has been forgiven. Rommel did not have a residence in Bida Littorio. Winning a good time without ever coming to see one. In Bida, there was a quarters management department of the Nimetsky corps. Its special warehouse was practically folded back, but the protest didn’t mean the bend of one of the smallest children of the English commandos.
At the mercy of the operation in Bida Litgoria, there were people. The chiefs of the comrades, who had lost their lives on the Levian birch, smelled of the new battles, in which they had avenged Keys and his soldiers.

Svrennya SAS i nova tactics

Tim for an hour in Kairi we saw the podiatry, which sent the English podrozdilu special assignment to the new ones. In 1941, in the office of General Ritchi, with an unsupported visit, there was an officer who was two-meter-old, who presented a plan for the destruction of the Axis forces in Libya. Cim an officer of the buv Devid Stirling, who had been lying before the forces of "Leifors". Win kulgav with injuries before the hour of the head strike. The plan of Stirling will be smart, with the creation of fantasy and divine plots, with the new command of allies on the Blizkoye Descent. Stirling proponuted from the surplus "Leifors" part in a number of 65 soldiers. Smells blame the bullets, parachute down the enemy's aerodromes, put my trusty things and straighten them on the singing points, pick up the LRDG patrols. Pidrozdil Styrlinga SAS (Special Nutrition Service) is named so nimetsku razvіdku... Vin starting before the preparation.
Eight 1941 r England is small three elite children on the Blizkoe Skhodі: - commandos, LRDG and SAS. Churchill saw the order about the reorganization of the chicks, and once again designating the Commander Leikok. With the help of the brigadier, Ale Churchill became the head of the "general". And in the fall of 1941, the opera "Chrestonosets" was celebrated. At the great great counter-attack, part of the special assignment vikoristov was carried out during operations in the enemy's strong line. The Kintsev result was not far away, the Alevisnovka and inheritance played the same role as the raid on Dieppe.

The saboteurs of the 55th pidrozdilu SAS on the coming day, after the landing of Leikok, tried to land on the airdrome in the Gazal region. At the same time, when they blocked the evacuation of the commandos, they dropped the SAS paratroopers on empty spaces, and only 21 of them knew the security point, they checked the LRDG vehicles.

As a result of the "Chrestonosets" operation, Rommel's force in the chest 1941 p. In the kintsev rakhunka in the battles with the vіyskami the commandos did not play a significant role. On the cob offensive rock Rommel made a counterattack, in the course of one English bullet of motions, entered the area of ​​El Alamein. Rommel stretched out his line of postachannya to the height of hundreds of kilometers, spiraling to the fort in Tobruk.

The attack on Tobruk did not break through. The commandos and the LRDG forces have stalled. Nimtsi fiercely defended the port, launching the attacking greats at the expense. The English fleet lost two missions, and 382 commandos, who took part in the raid, lost 300.
The strikes at Tobruk and in Dieppe served as a great lesson and the headquarters of the team to build up the news. It is necessary to develop new tactical concepts based on the saved lives of soldiers. One of them was victorious even earlier before an hour in a raid on the Tamet airport near Benghaz. Before the hour of this operation, the SAS and LRDG were carefully performed one by one, and the skin formulation played an important role. LRDG soldiers in disguised cars checked close to the aerodrome. Tim hour Stirling on a small group of saboteurs under the minis with the old mechanism for 24 years and all.
Radically new pidhid before diversionary actions, taking on the fall in Chervna 1942, yielding hostile results. For an hour to raid on the Bagush aerodrome, the commander of the assault group, Peddy Maine, fell into fierceness, if they were not vibrated by the group on the aerodrome. Maine and Stirling rode off in their jeeps directly to the airport and drove into fire from the kulemets. Bully 7 nymetsky boyovyh lіtakіv. Dozens of small American jeeps were stuck to their own needs at the CAS linden forces, standing on the skin for two twin Vickers or Velikokaliberni Browning klemeti. Leather jeep mіg zrobiti 5,000 built in khvilynu with one hour driving all kulemetiv.

For the s'єdnan SAS and LRDG, there is a period of success. The stench penetrated the enemy's vehicles and attacked the aerodrome with the help of "Osi". Up to 18 jeeps, placed in a row, took part in the operations. Okh kulemeti could chill a few tens of thousands of constructions into chilin. Persh, nizh Rommel went to the line of Maret on the cordon of Tunisu and Livia, having lost 400 years in such raids. From the ulamami, I lost the hope of growing up with the aviation militia of allies.

Operation "Torch"

Rommel, having introduced the trip to Tunis, 4 leaf fall in 1942. On 8 leaf fall the allies started before the operation "Torch". Transferred the hangings and naval assault forces on the Uzbek coastal African, controlled by the French team of collaborators and vlashtuvat trap for the incoming nimts. The Commandos and Rangers have retired, similar to the Nevikonan during the Dieppe operation. However, for the whole time the stench was sought after a lot of great successes, the 1st Battalion of Rangers attacked the artillery battery, and took over the beach in the Arzev place in western Algeria (the center is one of the operations). In the meantime, 2 groups of commandos hung in the Algerian region and destroyed the coastal consolidation.
In the fight against the crazed support in Dieppe, the defense of the French in pіvnіchnіy Afritsі Bula to finish with weak and dewy. In the "Torch" operation, parachutists were even more important; Smells blame the bully take French aviation bases, headquarters of the communes and help the allied forces in the offensive on Tunis, the 509th battalion of paratroopers will deliver directly to the UPF base in Seni, near the city of Oran, from The commander of the centralized operative, Colonel Raff, having removed the information from the allied development, so that the French will not repair the op. Tom decided to land right on the smog. Yak and in the time of the localization of Rommel's headquarters (before the hour of the "Chrestonosets" operation), the release was pardoned, and it called to the catastrophe. The French fired the attackers with such a straining fire, that Raff and his people would get a chance to make an emergency landing on the nearest salt lake. This is the merit of Senii's flooding to lay the ground forces. After the camp was overshadowed, on the 8th leaf fall, the 3rd battalion of paratroopers landed in Boni, 250 km to the west of Tunisu. For three days, because the 509th battalion, which came to you for a "friendly creation" in Seniya, landed at the airdrome in Tebes (200 km from Bona), on the cordon between Tunis and Lviv. Here the allies will have accepted yak visvoliteli.

Boyovi operations of the British special forces SAS (commandos) at the Other svitoviy vіynі

Nabagato mensh kindly took the 1st battalion of paratroopers, so they landed on 16 leaves in Suk el Arba (120 km to the west of Tunisu). Happily, the English officers were able to immediately open up the situation. The stench infused the commander with a French garnizon (3,000 soldiers), which є the leading units of two tank divisions could be found close by.
29 leaf fall The 2nd battalion of paratroopers under the command of John Frost (which in an hour raid on Brunevil reached the rank of colonel) hung not far from the air base of Oudna, 15 km from the city. If they wanted to leave the base, from the nearest mountain ridge it is possible to build a bachiti not only bili minareti. The tunis and yogo outskirts of the boule are literally packed with mechanized and tank units of the "Osi" military equipment. Overburdened by the threat of a threat, nimts and italians, the 2nd battalion of paratroopers, 30 falling leaves began to fall. View of the English parts without making a mistake in the course of a gazelle, crossed by a herd of Levs. Tse buv led the way of the wounded left in front of the herd of guineas. Leading the baked battles of the 3rd chest, the 2nd battalion of paratroopers to the positions of allies. In contrast to 266 cholovik, the ale of the line at the entrance of the bullet was literally built up by the inferior tanks of the Axis and hundreds of Italian and German corpses. For the first time, more than once, the 2nd battalion of paratroopers became the opposite of the unbroken logic of failure.
Until the ear of the breast in 1942, it became zerous, but do not marvel at the zusilla of parachutists, the allies have no chance to get Tunis on the move. We are sorry to state that it will not be the closest hour in Africa. However, the strategic position is not destructive. The strength of the "Axis", squeezed into a small space (430 km from winter to day), did not even have a chance to carry out a great counterattack.

Now the English commandos and parachutists were guilty of being on the line front, as it was a parachute. A similar situation was repeated quite a bit, having developed two rockets in the offensive. On the 7th birch of 1943, it was carried out for the first time by a battalion of German paratroopers under the command of the legendary Major Vittsig and the 1st battalion of paratroopers. A handful of nimetsky soldiers were scammed by the English, however, the rest of them fired a counterattack into the distance and forced them to enter.
The commandos and parachutes of the allies fought on the front lines until April 1943, having spent a total of 1,700 units. The soldiers in red berets showed a non-abyss in vidvaga, perhaps the enemy called them "devils of hearts." English parachutism is written at once in a word.

At that hour, when the English were on the front line, their American colleagues were conducting even more important development projects and sabotage raids. The skin attack could have ended tragically, there were thousands of "Axis" soldiers concentrated on a small area, who were more willing to be taken by the Tunisian Arabs, as they were more than set up to the allies.

21 chest 1942 - a platoon of soldiers from the 509th battalion was hanging in the El Dzhem area, in the old Tunis with the staff of the zaliznichny town. Mіst bouv pіdіrvaniy, protesting became a nightmare. The soldiers had to walk 170 km of mountainous masses and wilderness. Of the 44 soldiers participating in the raid, only the survivors were left alive.
The troubles were going through the founding of the "empty empty spaces", before the 8th English army was advancing from the beginning. So, the SAS patrol led by the command of Devid Stirling himself, who had virus on the launch in the Gabes Hep area in the new Tunis, had a lot of nimties and had a full meal. True, Stirling went into the distance, but they were buried in 36 years.

The LRDG patrols were better off. One of them, which emerged from New Zealanders under the command of Captain Nick Wilder, saw a great passage through the pagorbami to the west of the Maret line. Uncomfortably passing through the name of the captain. 20 birch 1943 r Wilder guided through a new 27,000 soldiers and 200 tanks (from the 2nd New Zealand Mechanized Division). Tsi spoluks left Maret's line from the call, which became the ear of the "Osi" forces in Tunis and all Pivnichniy Afritsa.